Cancer is said to be one of the most pressing global health challenges, with cases projected to rise significantly due to population growth, aging, and lifestyle factors. Late-stage diagnosis, lack of awareness, and inadequate access to healthcare may contribute to high mortality rates. However, studies suggest that nearly half of all cancers are preventable, and with increased awareness, vaccination, and early detection, the burden of cancer can be reduced. The World cancer day is marked every year on February 4th. It is a global initiative led by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). Its mission is to raise awareness, encourage prevention, and promote early detection and treatment.
The key to reducing cancer deaths lies in prevention and early diagnosis, says Dr Indu Aggarwal, Head of Department, Preventive Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre (RGCIRC). “Many cancers, including cervical, breast, and oral cancers, are highly preventable through vaccination, lifestyle changes, and routine screenings,” she suggests.
Dr Aggarwal shares the reasons and suggests strategies:
Tobacco-related cancers: India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer, primarily due to tobacco use in various forms. Tobacco is responsible for nearly 27 percent of all cancer cases in the country. Tobacco cessation programs, stricter regulations, and awareness campaigns can help curb this epidemic.
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Cervical cancer: A leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Indian women, cervical cancer is largely preventable with HPV vaccination and routine screenings. However, screening coverage remains below 2 percent, and HPV vaccination rates are alarmingly low.
Breast cancer: The most common cancer among Indian women, breast cancer is often detected late due to lack of awareness and screening programs. Regular self-examinations and mammograms can significantly improve early detection and survival rates.
Lung cancer: Strongly linked to smoking and air pollution, lung cancer cases are on the rise. Policies that promote smoking cessation and improve air quality can play a crucial role in prevention. Dr Aggarwal stresses, “Public awareness is the first step in cancer prevention. When people understand risk factors and the importance of screening, they are more likely to take proactive measures.”
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Key strategies to prevent and detect cancer early:
Tobacco cessation: Since tobacco is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths in India, strict regulations on tobacco sales, anti-tobacco campaigns, and cessation support programs are essential. People should seek professional help to quit smoking or using smokeless tobacco.
HPV and hepatitis B vaccinations: Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) can prevent nearly 90 percent of cervical cancer cases, while hepatitis B vaccination reduces the risk of liver cancer. Including the HPV vaccine in India’s National Immunization Program would be a game-changer for women’s health. “Countries that have successfully implemented HPV vaccination programs have seen a dramatic decline in cervical cancer cases. India must prioritise widespread HPV vaccination to save lives,” Dr Aggarwal explains.
Early detection through routine screenings: Regular screenings for breast, cervical, oral, and colorectal cancers can detect abnormalities before they become life-threatening. Initiatives to improve screening accessibility, particularly in rural areas, can significantly reduce cancer mortality.
Practising a healthy diet and lifestyle: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help lower cancer risk. Avoiding processed foods, reducing alcohol consumption, and engaging in regular physical activity also play a crucial role in prevention.
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Limiting exposure to environmental risks: Air pollution, pesticide-laden foods, and prolonged exposure to harmful chemicals increase cancer risk. Protective measures, including policy changes, workplace safety regulations, and lifestyle modifications, can help minimize exposure.
Improving healthcare accessibility: Strengthening cancer care infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, can improve early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Government initiatives should focus on affordable screening programmes, mobile healthcare units, and awareness drives.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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