Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's disease; approximately two-thirds of persons with the diagnosis are female. Researchers have long been interested in this striking discrepancy, and although ageing is a key risk factor for both sexes, women appear to be more susceptible to this neurodegenerative illness. Determining preventive strategies that will help reduce women's risk and improve disease management will require an understanding of the factors that make women more susceptible to Alzheimer's.
Why are women more at risk?
Women often live longer than men, which is one of the main reasons they are more likely to develop Alzheimer's, says Dr Aditya Gupta, Director of Neurosurgery and Cyberknife at Artemis Hospital Gurugram. According to him, ageing is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, women's longer lifespans give them more time to experience cognitive deterioration. But it's not only about living longer; hormonal and metabolic variations are also quite important.
The higher risk in older women may be explained by the considerable decline in oestrogen, a hormone that shields brain cells, following menopause, says Dr Gupta. According to studies, women are more likely to develop Alzheimer's as they age since this decline in oestrogen speeds up the ageing process in the brain. Women might also be more vulnerable to illnesses like stress and depression, which are both connected to cognitive deterioration. For instance, long-term stress causes modifications to the structure and function of the brain that raise the risk of Alzheimer's.
Genetic and lifestyle factors
This discrepancy is also influenced by genetic factors. Compared to men with the same gene variant, women who carry a particular variant of the APOE gene, known as APOE e4, are more likely to acquire Alzheimer's disease, says Gupta. Furthermore, lifestyle factors can accelerate cognitive decline, making prevention more difficult. These factors include irregular sleep habits, decreased physical activity, and increased rates of social isolation.
What women can do to lower their risk?
Even though women are more likely than men to have Alzheimer's, some things may be done to lessen the chance of getting the illness. Physical activity regularly is one of the best tactics. Exercise lowers the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, enhances memory, and benefits the brain, according to studies.
An antioxidant-rich, well-balanced diet like the Mediterranean diet has also been connected to improved cognitive health. Strong social bonds and mentally stimulating pursuits like reading and puzzles can also help to keep the brain active and postpone the onset of symptoms. Maintaining optimal brain function requires both stress management and good sleep.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for a qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your health specialist for more information.
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