Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces too much thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism, influencing how the body uses energy, maintains temperature, and supports organ function. When overproduced, they speed up these processes, causing several physical and emotional symptoms.
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), hyperthyroidism is more common in women and those over 60. You are at a higher risk of developing hyperthyroidism if you have a family history of thyroid disease, suffer from health conditions like pernicious anemia (caused by vitamin B12 deficiency), type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or primary adrenal insufficiency (a hormone disorder). Consuming large amounts of iodine-rich foods like kelp, using iodine-containing medications, nicotine products, or having been pregnant within the last six months can also increase the likelihood of this condition. Additionally, hyperthyroidism symptoms vary widely, and older adults may display atypical signs, often mistaken for depression or dementia.
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Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:
Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight despite increased appetite is a hallmark of hyperthyroidism, as the body's metabolism becomes hyperactive. A person may eat more than usual but still lose weight within weeks.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat: Excess thyroid hormones increase heart rate and may cause irregular rhythms or palpitations. Feeling a racing or pounding heartbeat even while resting or experiencing skipped beats, is a sign.
Nervousness and irritability: The overstimulation of the nervous system causes heightened anxiety, mood swings, and irritability. A normally calm person might snap at minor inconveniences or feel constantly on edge.
Trouble sleeping: The hyperactive metabolism makes it difficult to relax, leading to insomnia or restless sleep.If you struggle to fall asleep even after a physically exhausting day, you might want to get a check-up done.
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Fatigue and muscle weakness: Over time, the body's energy stores deplete, leading to tiredness and weakened muscles, particularly in the arms and thighs. Climbing stairs or carrying things feels unusually strenuous.
Shaky hands: Tremors in the hands or fingers are common due to nervous system overstimulation. Writing, typing or holding things might become challenging because of noticeable trembling.
Sweating and heat intolerance: An increased metabolic rate raises body temperature, causing excessive sweating and difficulty tolerating warm environments. Feeling uncomfortably hot in mild weather or needing to turn on the fan constantly.
Frequent bowel movements: Are you using the restroom multiple times a day without any dietary changes. Thyroid hormones speed up digestion, often leading to more frequent bowel movements or diarrhea.
Neck swelling (Goiter): Some may experience difficulty buttoning shirts or necklaces may feel tighter around the neck. An enlarged thyroid gland may cause a noticeable swelling in the neck, known as a goiter.
Atypical symptoms in older adults: Older adults with hyperthyroidism may display unusual symptoms, such as appetite loss, fatigue, or withdrawal from social interactions, which can mimic depression or dementia. A senior family member may suddenly stop participating in favourite activities or eating regular meals.
Consult a doctor:
Hyperthyroidism is treatable, but early diagnosis is critical. If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms, seek medical advice. Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity. Managing hyperthyroidism effectively can restore balance and improve the quality of life.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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