Cataracts, traditionally associated with aging, are increasingly being diagnosed in younger adults. While cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally, affecting millions of people over 50, it's crucial to recognise that they can also impact younger individuals. Understanding the early signs and seeking timely treatment can prevent significant vision impairment and maintain quality of life.
Understanding cataracts
Cataracts, a clouding of the eye's natural lens behind the iris and pupil, traditionally affect older adults but are increasingly seen in younger individuals. This condition can cause significant vision impairment if not treated promptly.
Causes of cataracts in younger adults
Genetics: Hereditary factors can predispose individuals to early cataract development.
Trauma: Eye injuries can accelerate cataract formation.
Prolonged UV exposure: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light increases risk.
Medications: Certain drugs can contribute to cataract development.
Underlying health conditions: Diseases like diabetes are significant risk factors.
Early signs and symptoms
According to Dr Vivek Singh, senior cataract and refractive surgeon, Maxivision Eye hospital, Hyderabad, early signs and symptoms include.
Blurred or cloudy vision: Vision may become hazy, making it difficult to see clearly.
Increased sensitivity to light and glare: Bright lights may cause discomfort or pain.
Halos around lights: Rings or halos may appear around light sources, particularly at night.
Frequent prescription changes: Needing new glasses or contacts more often than usual.
Difficulty with night vision: Seeing clearly at night can become challenging.
Faded or yellowed colours: Colours may seem less vibrant or more yellowed than usual.
Importance of early detection
Recognising these early signs is crucial for timely intervention. Unlike the gradual vision loss experienced by older adults, symptoms in younger individuals can be more abrupt and impactful on daily life.
Diagnosis and examination
A comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist is essential for diagnosing cataracts. The doctor will dilate the pupils and use specialised equipment to examine the lens and other parts of the eye, determining the severity of the cataracts.
Treatment options
Surgical intervention: The primary treatment involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This outpatient procedure is quick, with minimal discomfort and a short recovery period.
Advances in surgery and IOL technology: Modern techniques and technology have made cataract surgery safe and highly effective, with most patients experiencing significant vision improvement.
Prevention and proactive measures
Wearing sunglasses: Protect your eyes from UV rays.
Healthy diet: Eat foods rich in antioxidants.
Manage chronic conditions: Keep conditions like diabetes under control.
Avoid smoking: Reducing or quitting smoking can lower your risk.
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