HomeNewscoronavirusPharma wrap: Three coronavirus vaccine makers release clinical trial blueprint as part of transparency push

Pharma wrap: Three coronavirus vaccine makers release clinical trial blueprint as part of transparency push

Coronavirus vaccine makers AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Moderna have released the blueprint that contains information such as clinical trial design, primary and secondary endpoints, patient selection, statistical analysis, measurement of outcomes and adverse events.

September 20, 2020 / 21:23 IST
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AstraZeneca has released its 111-page clinical trial blueprint for its Covid-19 vaccine, following concerns raised about transparency as the company’s refusal to provide details about neurological illness in two trial participants in the UK.

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The phase-3 trial had to be put on hold temporarily for a review of the adverse events, before resuming the trial earlier this month. The studies have resumed in the UK, India, Brazil and South Africa. The trial is still on pause in the US.

AstraZeneca's clinical trial blueprint or protocol says its goal is a vaccine with 50 percent effectiveness. The USFDA in its coronavirus vaccine guidance has stated its bar for approval is a vaccine that reduces the risk of falling sick with Covid-19 by 50 percent.

COVID-19 Vaccine
Frequently Asked Questions

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How does a vaccine work?

A vaccine works by mimicking a natural infection. A vaccine not only induces immune response to protect people from any future COVID-19 infection, but also helps quickly build herd immunity to put an end to the pandemic. Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely. The good news is that SARS-CoV-2 virus has been fairly stable, which increases the viability of a vaccine.

How many types of vaccines are there?

There are broadly four types of vaccine — one, a vaccine based on the whole virus (this could be either inactivated, or an attenuated [weakened] virus vaccine); two, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine that uses a benign virus as vector that carries the antigen of SARS-CoV; three, nucleic-acid vaccines that have genetic material like DNA and RNA of antigens like spike protein given to a person, helping human cells decode genetic material and produce the vaccine; and four, protein subunit vaccine wherein the recombinant proteins of SARS-COV-2 along with an adjuvant (booster) is given as a vaccine.

What does it take to develop a vaccine of this kind?

Vaccine development is a long, complex process. Unlike drugs that are given to people with a diseased, vaccines are given to healthy people and also vulnerable sections such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. So rigorous tests are compulsory. History says that the fastest time it took to develop a vaccine is five years, but it usually takes double or sometimes triple that time.
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