Leukemia is a type of cancer that begins in the white blood cells, or leukocytes, which are produced in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy tissue inside bones. In a healthy body, bone marrow stem cells differentiate into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, each playing a crucial role in oxygen transport, infection defense, and blood clotting, respectively.
However, when leukemia occurs, the DNA of white blood cells becomes damaged, leading to the production of abnormal, immature cells, explains Dr Raajit K. Rampal, MD, PhD, Leukemia Specialist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York. “These defective cells rapidly multiply, crowding out healthy cells in the bone marrow and disrupting the body's ability to function properly,” says Dr Rampal.
According to reports, informs Dr Rampal, leukemia ranks 6th in incidence among all cancers (excluding other neoplasms) between 1990 and 2019, accounting for 4.83 percent of total cancers. Males are more likely to have leukemia than females, with a 2.24 percent higher incidence: 6.27 percent in males compared to 4.03 percent in females. “Additionally, leukemia is the most common type of cancer seen in children under 15 years of age,” he adds, and suggests positive lifestyle changes to lower the risks associated with leukemia.
Also read | Causes and symptoms of leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers
Lifestyle changes to lower leukemia risk:
Maintain a healthy diet: A balanced diet rich in lean meats, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables supports a healthy immune system and reduces the risk of blood cancers. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables help protect cells from oxidative stress and may reduce the likelihood of genetic mutations that can lead to cancer.
Stay physically active: Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining your health and wellness. Exercise can help boost the immune system, improve mood, and reduce stress, all of which contribute to better health outcomes. Engaging in moderate-intensity activities, such as brisk walking or cycling, for at least 150 minutes per week is recommended for optimal benefits.
Avoid tobacco, abusive drugs, and alcohol: Steering clear of tobacco products and limiting alcohol consumption can significantly reduce the risk of various cancers, including leukemia. Tobacco contains harmful chemicals that can damage DNA and promote cancer development, while excessive alcohol intake can weaken the immune system and impair the body’s ability to fight off diseases.
Also read | Causes and symptoms of leukaemia, lymphoma and other cancers
Get enough sleep: Adequate sleep is essential for the body to repair and regenerate cells. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Poor sleep can lead to a weakened immune system and increased stress levels, both of which can negatively impact overall health and increase susceptibility to diseases, including cancer.
Maintain healthy weight: Keeping a healthy weight is vital for reducing the risk of developing various health issues, including cancer. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and hormonal imbalances that can promote cancer development. Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of balanced eating and regular exercise can help lower the risk of leukemia and improve your health.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your health specialist for more information.
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