How to control diabetes: Exercise regularly, eat a balanced diet, keep your blood pressure in check

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition where the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels effectively due to insufficient insulin production or resistance to insulin. Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction, while Type 2 diabetes is linked to obesity, inactivity, poor diet, and genetic factors. Gestational diabetes results from hormonal changes during pregnancy.

Other causes include certain medications, hormonal imbalances, and pancreatic disorders
If left unmanaged, prolonged high blood sugar can cause complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve problems, and vision impairment. Additionally, diabetes often coexists with other conditions like hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and obesity, further increasing health risks.

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Diabetes can lead to serious complications if not managed properly, therefore taking proactive steps can enable people to lead a fulfilling and healthy life, says Dr Vaishali S. Naik, M.D., D.M. (Endocrinology), Consultant Endocrinologist & Diabetologist, Holy Family Hospital, Bandra West, Mumbai. “Managing diabetes requires a positve changes including medication, lifestyle tweaks, and emotional well-being," she adds.

Dr Naik suggests the following strategies to manage diabetes:

• Move more, sit less: Regular physical activity is essential for weight control, improving insulin sensitivity, and maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, such as brisk walking or cycling. Exercise plans should be tailored to individual needs, especially for those with comorbidities.

• Eat a healthy diet: A balanced diet plays a vital role in diabetes management. Focus on portion control, nutrient-rich meals, and avoiding processed foods. Work with a dietitian to create a meal plan that complements your medications and activity levels.

• Keep your blood pressure in check: Keeping track of blood sugar levels helps identify fluctuations and adjust treatment plans. Patients on insulin or other medications should monitor levels regularly to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

• Avoid stress: Stress can adversely affect blood sugar levels. Activities like yoga, meditation, spending time with loved ones, or pursuing hobbies can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being.

• Avoid harmful habits: Habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are bad for your health. These not only worsen diabetes but also increase the risk of complications like cardiovascular disease.

• Follow-ups: Regular consultations with your doctor ensures timely adjustments in treatment and screening for complications. Collaborative care between patients, families, and doctors is vital for effective management.