Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum, arising from abnormal growths called polyps that can turn cancerous over time. It is one of the most prevalent and potentially preventable forms of cancer worldwide. Age, family history, genetic predispositions like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and lifestyle factors such as diet and smoking influence its development. Early stages often exhibit no symptoms, underscoring the importance of regular screenings.
Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, with early detection significantly improving survival rates. Understanding colorectal cancer is crucial for prevention, early detection, and effective treatment.
There are many myths related to this cancer that can make it critical for patients, thereby discouraging early detection and potentially delaying recovery. Dr Vikram Sharma from lotus cancer institute lists down 8 such myths
Myth: Colorectal cancer only affects older adults.
Fact: While it's true that age is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer, with most cases diagnosed in individuals over 50, younger adults are also susceptible. Recent studies indicate a concerning trend of rising colorectal cancer rates among adults under 50, prompting updated screening guidelines and heightened awareness among younger demographics.
Myth: Colorectal cancer primarily affects men.
Fact: Colorectal cancer does not discriminate by gender. Both men and women are equally at risk for developing the disease. The misconception that it predominantly affects men may stem from historical data and social perceptions, but current medical understanding emphasises that everyone should be vigilant about colorectal cancer risk regardless of gender.
Myth: Without a family history, you won't get colorectal cancer.
Fact: While having a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps increases your risk, many cases occur in individuals with no family history. In fact, the majority of colorectal cancer cases are sporadic, meaning they arise without a clear familial predisposition. Genetic factors play a role, but environmental and lifestyle factors also significantly contribute to one's risk profile.
Myth: Colorectal cancer is not preventable.
Fact: Colorectal cancer is highly preventable through regular screenings. Screening tests such as colonoscopies can detect and remove precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer or detect cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective.
Myth: Colorectal cancer always causes noticeable symptoms.
Fact: Early stages of colorectal cancer often present with no symptoms at all. As the cancer progresses, symptoms such as changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation), rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue may appear. However, relying on symptoms alone for detection can lead to late-stage diagnosis. Regular screening is essential as it can detect cancer before symptoms arise.
Myth: Screening is only necessary if you have symptoms.
Fact: Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended for average-risk individuals starting at age 50, even if they do not have symptoms. This preventive approach aims to detect cancer early or identify precancerous polyps before they become malignant. Screening tests include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood tests (FOBT), fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), sigmoidoscopy, and CT colonography, each offering different advantages depending on individual risk factors and preferences.
Myth: Eating fibre alone prevents colorectal cancer.
Fact: While a diet high in fibre is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, it is just one component of a comprehensive preventive strategy. Consuming a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins supports overall health. Other factors such as maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity, and limiting red and processed meats are also crucial.
Myth: Colorectal cancer is always fatal.
Fact: Colorectal cancer is treatable, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in medical technology and treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, have significantly improved survival rates for colorectal cancer patients.
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