China is scheduled to launch an unmanned probe to Mars on July 23, aiming to demonstrate its technological prowess as it makes a bid for global leadership in space with its first independent mission to visit another planet.
The probe, due to blast off on the Long March 5 Y-4 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in the southern island province of Hainan, is expected to reach Mars in February 2021 where it will attempt to deploy a rover to explore the planet for 90 days.
If successful, the latest mission - Tianwen-1, or "Questions to Heaven", a Chinese poem penned two millennia ago - will make China the first country to orbit, land and deploy a rover in its inaugural mission.
Eight spacecraft - American, European and Indian - are currently either orbiting Mars or on its surface with other missions underway or planned.
The United Arab Emirates launched its own mission to Mars on July 20, comprising an orbiter to study the atmosphere.
The United States is expected to be close behind, with plans to send a probe in coming months. The probe will deploy a rover on Mars called Perseverance, the biggest, heaviest, most advanced vehicle sent to the Red Planet by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
China's probe will carry several scientific instruments to observe the planet's atmosphere and surface, searching for signs of water and ice.
China previously made a Mars bid in 2011 with Russia, but the Russian spacecraft carrying the probe failed to exit the Earth's orbit and disintegrated over the Pacific Ocean.
A fourth planned launch for Mars, the EU-Russian ExoMars, was postponed for two years due to the coronavirus pandemic and technical issues.
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