When you feel a sudden, piercing pain in your upper abdomen, it might be more than just a momentary ache. This discomfort could be a sign of something deeper: the inflammation of your gallbladder, also called
Cholecystitis (cholecyst means gallbladder).
The gallbladder, located in the upper right part of the abdomen, is a pear-shaped organ responsible for storing and releasing bile (the fluid that aids in the digestion of fats). When the gallbladder gets inflamed, it may result in either acute or chronic cholecystitis.
Contributing triggers: Acute cholecystitis may be caused by an obstruction by gallstones in the gallbladder or the cystic duct. Bacterial infection by organisms like E. coli and Streptococcus may follow. Several injuries, burns, dehydration and a recent history of childbirth can result in inflammation of the gallbladder. Co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus may also be a contributing factor. Chronic cholecystitis can be a result of recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis. Women are more susceptible, especially those over fifty years.
Symptoms and warning signals: Symptoms may include a dull ache in the upper right part of the abdomen. In chronic cases, an intolerance to a fatty diet may be noticed. Some people experience flatulence and nausea. In the case of acute cholecystitis, the pain may be sudden and the affected area may become tender. Features of jaundice, like yellowish discolouration of the skin and the mucous membrane (like in the eyes), may be seen. Fever, along with an increased heart rate, can be accompanying complaints.
Complications of cholecystitis may include perforation and inflammation of the peritoneum and the pancreas.
Here are some of the treatment and care methods for cholecystitis:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Laparoscopic removal of the gallbladder is the preferred method for managing cholecystitis. It involves small incisions, resulting in lower postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and quicker recovery than open surgery. The procedure boasts a low complication rate and effectively treats acute and chronic cholecystitis.
Open technique: In situations where laparoscopic surgery isn't feasible, an open cholecystectomy might be necessary. This approach involves a larger incision and may be used for patients who are unsuitable candidates for laparoscopy due to various factors like severe inflammation, scarring from previous surgeries, or complex anatomical issues.
Dietary changes: For patients who aren't surgical candidates due to various reasons, adopting a low-fat and low-spice diet may help manage milder cases of chronic cholecystitis. While this approach might reduce symptoms, it is essential to note that its effectiveness in resolving the condition significantly varies among individuals.
Preventing gallstones can help lower the risk of cholecystitis. Strategies to achieve this include:
Nutritional modifications: Avoiding saturated and trans fats in the diet is crucial as these fats contribute to the formation of gallstones. Opt for a diet rich in healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts.
Daily meal plan: Maintaining a consistent meal schedule and having regular breakfast, lunch, and dinner without skipping meals can help regulate bile production and reduce the risk of gallstone formation.
Regular exercise: Regular exercise aids in managing weight and helps in reducing the risk of gallstones. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week.
Watch your weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor for gallstones. Focus on weight loss if you are overweight, as shedding excess body weight decreases the likelihood of developing gallstones.
Gradual weight loss: Go slow on losing your weight. Rapid weight loss methods should be avoided as they may increase the risk of gallstone formation. Gradual weight loss through a balanced diet and regular exercise is recommended to avoid this risk.
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