Tata Sons is set to acquire debt-laden Air India with a winning bid of Rs 18,000 crore, the government said on October 8, a homecoming moment for an airline it founded but gave control to the state.
An empowered panel of ministers led by home minister Amit Shah gave its approval to the salt-to-software conglomerate’s offer over that of SpiceJet chairman Ajay Singh, the only other bidder in the fray. Singh bid in his personal capacity and his bid was around Rs 15,100 crore.
"M/S Talace Pvt Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Sons, had the winning bid," said Tuhin Kanta Pandey, Secretary of Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM), at a media briefing.
The reserve price for Air India, below which the government would not have accepted offers, was fixed at Rs 12,906 crore. Pandey said that the deal will be closed by December 2021.
Pandey said that total debt of Air India as on August 31 was Rs 61,560 crore. Debt which will be taken over by Tata will be Rs 15,300 crore while Rs 46,262 crore will remain with Air India Asset Holdings Ltd, which is a special purpose vehicle created to retain the non-core assets, land and the debt of Air India which Tata will not be taking on.
This means that the cash consideration of the deal will only be Rs 2,700 crore.
As part of the sale purchase agreement to buy Air India, the Tata Group will retain all of Air India's around 12,000 employees for a period of atleast one year. Following one year the Tata Group will have the option to offer the employees of Air India a voluntary retirement scheme, the details of which have not been fixed with the government as part of the current share purchase agreement.
"While admittedly it will take considerable effort to rebuild Air India, it will hopefully provide a very strong market opportunity for the Tata Group's presence in the aviation sector," said Tata Group Chairman Emeritus Ratan Tata in a separate statement.
As per the contours of the deal, which should be completed by December-end, Tata cannot sell the logo and brand name of Air India for five years. Even after that, it can't sell these assets to a foreign entity.
Selling Air India, which has not made profits in 15 years, was a vital piece in the government’s ambition to privatise assets. Finding a buyer was tough because the airline— nicknamed Maharaja—has long struggled to stay aloft, was steeped in losses and bruised by competition.
Friday’s announcement actually marks the culmination of several attempts to find a buyer for the airline founded in 1932. It is good riddance for the government because it no longer has to throw good money at a bad asset it took over from the Tatas 68 years ago.
Also Read | A timeline of Air India's privatisation from 2000 to 2021
For the Tatas, despite the baggage of a bloated workforce and debt, Air India offers some prized aviation assets. The Tatas get access to slots at busy foreign airports, lucrative destinations such as the Gulf thanks to bilateral flying rights between India and foreign nations, membership to the Star Alliance global network, a solid mix of narrow body and wide-body planes and a trained workforce.
All these give Tata Sons formidable air power because of the majority stakes it owns in budget airline AirAsia India and full-service carrier Vistara. In one stroke, the Tatas get access to aviation assets which otherwise would have taken years and boatloads of money for Vistara to build.
The deal also packages Air India’s profitable low-cost arm Air India Express and 50 percent of AISATS, which offers cargo and ground handling services at major Indian airports, to the Tatas.
Tata Sons will get control of Air India's 4,400 domestic and 1,800 international landing and parking slots at domestic airports, as well as 900 slots at overseas airports, a Reuters report said earlier.
As part of its latest bid to sell Air India, the government changed the norms in October 2020 and called bids based on enterprise value. According to the new plan, the successful bidder didn’t have to absorb any predetermined debt. Air India has a net debt of around Rs 60,000 crore.
The nod came after the Air India-Specific Alternative Mechanism, the name by which the empowered group of ministers which includes Shah, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal is known, accepted Tata Sons bid. The decision was then cleared by the Union Cabinet.
Coming home
The Tatas and Air India go a long way back. It was JRD Tata who founded the airline with a capital of Rs 2 lakh given by a reluctant Sir Dorabji Tata, the then chairman of Tata Sons. JRD piloted the first flight in 1932 and the Indian aviation industry took off.
In 1946, the aviation division of Tata Sons was listed as Air India and, in 1948, the Air India International was launched with flights to Europe.
The international service was among the first public-private partnerships in India, with the government holding 49 percent stake, the Tatas 25 percent and the public owning the rest.
In 1953, Air India was nationalised. The Air Corporation Act created two airlines—Air India International and Indian Airlines Corporation (IAC), the forerunner of Indian Airlines.
Air India put India on the global map. The king and queen of Sweden flew the Maharaja as did Pope Paul VI when he travelled to India in 1964. Singapore and Malaysia sought the advice of Air India management when setting up their state airlines in the 1970s.
Both Air India and Indian Airlines had a good run until the late 1980s. Matters came to a head following the merger of the two into Air India in 2007.
In the first year following the merger, the new entity posted a loss of Rs 2,226 crore. Losses continued to mount as Indian skies opened up and competition got fierce. Even hefty bailout packages failed to resurrect the airline, leaving the government with no option but to privatise the flag carrier.
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