Sinusitis during monsoon: Causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies

The monsoon season, with its characteristic heat, humidity, and dampness, brings relief from the summer heat but also triggers a host of health issues, particularly sinusitis. This condition, characterised by inflammation of the sinuses, often starts with allergies caused by environmental changes. The nose and sinuses have natural defense mechanisms, such as cilia (fine hair) and mucus, which help to sweep away dust and other foreign particles. However, during the monsoon, these defenses get compromised, leading to infections. Bacteria and viruses thrive in this weather, causing swelling and blockage in the sinuses, resulting in the symptoms of sinusitis.

Understanding sinusitis and its causes

During the monsoon, the compromised defense mechanisms of the nose and sinuses become more susceptible to infections, says Dr Sanjay Sachdeva, senior ENT consultant at Hearclear India. He says that the natural openings of the sinuses into the nose are crucial for their normal function. However, bacteria and viruses can cause these openings to swell and block, leading to sinusitis. The sinuses start filling up with infected discharge, causing heaviness and pain around the ears and nose, which are the hallmark symptoms of this condition.

Getting drenched in rain can lower body temperature and weaken the body’s defense mechanisms, making it easier for viruses to cause upper respiratory infections that affect the nose and sinuses. Additionally, the damp and humid weather during monsoon can promote fungal infections, says Sachdeva. Fungal sinusitis is particularly dangerous as it can spread beyond the sinuses to the eyes and brain, and even enter the lungs, causing severe respiratory issues.