Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver commonly caused by viral infections, alcohol consumption, toxins, and autoimmune diseases. There are five main types of hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically spread through contaminated food and water, while B, C, and D are primarily transmitted via blood and bodily fluids. Symptoms of hepatitis can range from mild, such as fatigue and nausea, to severe, including jaundice, dark urine, and abdominal pain. Chronic hepatitis B and C can lead to serious complications like liver cirrhosis and cancer. Vaccinations are available for hepatitis A and B, providing effective prevention. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing hepatitis, with antiviral medications offering hope for those with chronic infections.
Understanding lifestyle habits that increase the risk of hepatitis is crucial for prevention. Here are some key factors according to Dr Sunil Rastogi, also senior hepatologist with Apollo Healthcare.
Lifestyle habits increasing risk of hepatitis
Unsafe sexual practices: Unprotected sex can lead to the transmission of hepatitis B and C, which are spread through contact with infected body fluids. Multiple sexual partners increase the risk of exposure.
Intravenous drug use: Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia can transmit hepatitis B and C. Contaminated equipment is a major route of transmission among drug users.
Tattooing and piercing: Getting tattoos or body piercings in unregulated settings where equipment might not be properly sterilised can lead to hepatitis B and C infections.
Unhygienic food and water consumption: Consuming food or water contaminated with the hepatitis A or E virus can lead to infection, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
Poor hand hygiene: Not washing hands properly after using the bathroom or before eating can spread hepatitis A and E.
Blood transfusions and organ transplants: Receiving blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors can transmit hepatitis B and C. This is more of a risk in regions where blood screening is not stringent.
Close household contact: Living in close quarters with someone infected with hepatitis B or C increases the risk, particularly through shared personal items like razors or toothbrushes.
Healthcare exposure: Healthcare workers are at risk due to potential exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Proper use of protective gear and safe handling of needles and other sharp instruments are essential.
Preventive measures
Vaccination: Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B. Getting vaccinated is a key preventive measure.
Safe sex practices: Using condoms and having mutually monogamous relationships can reduce the risk of hepatitis B and C.
Hygienic practices: Ensure proper handwashing and avoid sharing personal hygiene items. Consume safe, well-cooked food and clean water.
Safe needle practices: Avoid sharing needles for drug use, tattoos, or piercings. Use only sterile equipment and reputable professionals for body modifications.
Regular screening: Regular testing for hepatitis, especially for those at high risk, can lead to early detection and treatment.
Proper sanitation: Ensure good sanitation practices to prevent the spread of hepatitis A and E. Awareness and education about the lifestyle habits that increase the risk of hepatitis are crucial for prevention. By adopting safe practices and utilising available preventive measures like vaccination and proper hygiene, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of contracting hepatitis.
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