As temperatures soar during heatwaves, the health risks become more pronounced, especially for vulnerable individuals. Among the many concerns, one that often goes overlooked is the impact of extreme heat on heart health. Research indicates a strong connection between heatwaves and an increased risk of heart problems, making it crucial to understand the dynamics at play and adopt preventive measures to safeguard cardiovascular well-being.
Heatwaves pose a significant threat to cardiovascular health due to the physiological stress they impose on the body. High temperatures cause the body to work harder to maintain a stable internal temperature, leading to increased heart rate and blood flow. This places added strain on the heart, particularly in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions or risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or obesity.
Moreover, extreme heat can exacerbate dehydration, a condition that compromises blood circulation and thickens the blood, making it harder for the heart to pump effectively. This combination of factors significantly heightens the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, particularly among older adults and those with compromised health.
How to manage heart health in extreme heat
While heatwaves may pose challenges to heart health, there are proactive steps individuals can take to minimise risks and stay healthy during periods of extreme heat:
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and maintain optimal blood circulation. Avoid excessive consumption of sugary or caffeinated beverages, as they can contribute to dehydration.
Keep cool: Seek refuge in air-conditioned environments during peak heat hours, especially if you are at higher risk of heart problems. Use fans or take cool showers to lower body temperature and alleviate stress on the heart.
Monitor symptoms: Be vigilant for signs of heat-related illness, such as dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, or chest pain. If you experience any concerning symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
Modify activities: Limit outdoor activities to cooler times of the day, such as early morning or evening, to reduce exposure to extreme heat. Avoid strenuous exercise in hot conditions, and opt for indoor workouts instead.
Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing in breathable fabrics to facilitate heat dissipation and prevent overheating. Protect yourself from the sun's rays by wearing a wide-brimmed hat and applying sunscreen.
Eat well: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which provide essential nutrients and support heart health. Avoid heavy, greasy meals that can exacerbate heat-related discomfort.
Check your medications: Consult a doctor to review any medications you are taking, as some may increase sensitivity to heat or exacerbate heart-related issues. Follow dosage instructions carefully and take precautions as advised.
Stay informed: Stay updated on weather forecasts and heat advisories in your area, and plan activities accordingly. Be aware of local cooling centres or resources available to help mitigate the effects of extreme heat.
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