Fluoride and tooth decay in children: What parents need to know about kids between ages 6 and 13

Oral and dental problems are common in young children. Between ages 6 and 13, a child’s mouth is in transition, with new permanent teeth emerging and baby teeth falling out. But it’s also the most powerful time for prevention. Experts believe this is the time fluoride can work its magic. And if done right, it can shape a child’s smile for life.

According to Dr Bhavna Choraria, Consultant Dental Surgeon, Kokilaben Hospital, Mumbai, during this mixed dentition stage, new enamel is porous and vulnerable. “Combined with frequent snacking, sugary foods, and inconsistent brushing, this leaves many children at risk of tooth decay. Recent surveys reveal that 60–70 percent of Indian school-aged children have dental caries, numbers driven by urbanisation and poor oral hygiene habits. Fluoride strengthens weak enamel and slows decay, offering a proactive solution during these formative years,” says Dr Choraria.

"Fluoride," she adds, "replaces weak ions in enamel with stronger ones, forming fluorapatite, a substance far more resistant to acid.”  It also helps repair early damage before cavities form, giving teeth a second chance at health.

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Dr Choraria suggests every parent should know these 6 things about fluoride and their child's dental health:

• Start early, and supervise brushing: Use a pea-sized amount of fluoride toothpaste from the age of 6, but supervise brushing until at least age 8 to ensure proper technique and avoid swallowing.

• Choose the right toothpaste: Look for a fluoride content between 1000–1500 ppm. This range offers strong cavity protection without unnecessary exposure, especially for children with limited access to fluoridated water.

• Don’t skip the dentist: Children with braces, early decay or other risk factors benefit from professional fluoride varnish or gel treatments every six months to boost protection and slow enamel breakdown.

• Make water a priority: In areas with fluoridated tap water, every sip helps, providing a gentle, consistent source of fluoride throughout the day without effort or added cost.

• Avoid the overdose: Too much fluoride over time can cause mild dental fluorosis, a harmless but visible mottling of enamel. Keep toothpaste use age-appropriate and avoid fluoride-rich well water without testing.

• Embrace fluoride, not fear: “Fluoride has been studied for decades and is safe when used as recommended,” says Dr Choraria. The benefits far outweigh the risks, especially in young children.