Broken bones to head injuries: Responding to trauma in the first hour is important, here's why

Traumatic injuries may happen to anyone, anytime. The common signs of trauma include trouble breathing, heavy bleeding, confusion, dizziness, or pain. These symptoms can vary depending on the type of injury, but any of them require immediate medical help. Acting fast can help reduce long-term damage and improve the person's chances of recovery.

The first hour after such injury, known as the golden hour, is the most critical time for saving lives and improving recovery chances. Quick medical care during this time can reduce the risk of complications and increase the chances of a full recovery. Knowing how to respond to different types of trauma can make all the difference, says Dr Mashhad Haider Rizvi, Head of Emergency at Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi. "In all trauma cases, immediate action can significantly change the outcomes. It’s vital to administer basic first-aid and get the injured person evaluated and treated by medical professionals as soon as possible. Timely intervention can reduce complications and improve recovery chances," he says.

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Dr Rizvi shares the different types of trauma and suggests tips on handling them:

• Blunt trauma: This happens when a person is hit by a forceful impact that doesn’t break the skin but can hurt internal organs, bones, and tissues. Examples include car accidents or falls. To help, check for broken bones, bleeding, or signs of internal injury. Keep the person in a safe, secure position and avoid moving them until medical help arrives.

• Penetrating trauma: This occurs when an object like a knife or gunshot pierces the skin and enters the body. It can cause damage to organs and blood vessels. To stop bleeding, press around the wound (but not directly on the object if it’s still in the body). Keep the person calm and still, and avoid removing the object yourself as this could cause more harm.

• Burns: Burns can be caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity. They can range from mild to severe. For minor burns, run cool water over the area for 10-20 minutes and cover it with a clean cloth. For more serious burns, cover the burn with a dry cloth and get medical help immediately. Don’t use ice, or toothpaste, or try to pop blisters.

• Fractures: Fractures happen when bones break due to falls, accidents, or direct impacts. To treat a fracture, keep the limb still and try not to move it. Apply a splint to support the bone and seek medical care as soon as possible.

• Head injuries: Head injuries can be caused by accidents or falls. These injuries can range from mild concussions to more serious brain injuries. Symptoms may include confusion, headaches, or dizziness. Keep the person still and elevate their head slightly. Call for emergency medical help immediately.

• Spinal injuries: Spinal injuries can happen from sudden impacts or severe trauma. These injuries may lead to paralysis if not treated properly. If you suspect a spinal injury, do not move the person. Keep them lying down on a firm surface and wait for professional medical help to arrive.