An alarming increase in cases of eye stroke have been reported from India due to a severe heatwave. Eye strokes, a dangerous medical condition, can lead to sudden vision loss, triggered by excessive heat, dehydration, and prolonged exposure to the sun. As temperatures soar, understanding the link between extreme heat and eye health becomes crucial to prevent and manage this potentially debilitating condition.
What is an eye stroke?
An eye stroke, also known as retinal artery occlusion, occurs when blood flow to the retina is blocked, causing a lack of oxygen and essential nutrients. This condition has traditionally been associated with cardiovascular issues, but recent incidents suggest that extreme heat can also be a significant contributing factor.
High temperatures can cause dehydration, increase blood viscosity, and exacerbate underlying vascular problems, leading to a higher risk of arterial blockages.
In the context of extreme heat, several factors can precipitate an eye stroke:
- Dehydration: Severe dehydration thickens the blood, making it more prone to clotting and obstructing retinal arteries.
- Heat Stress: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can cause systemic inflammation and stress on the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of vascular events.
- Electrolyte Imbalance: Excessive sweating and inadequate fluid replacement disrupt the balance of electrolytes, affecting blood pressure and vascular health.
- Exacerbation of Pre-existing Conditions: People with hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease are particularly vulnerable during heatwaves, as their conditions can worsen and precipitate an eye stroke.
Symptoms
Heat-induced eye strokes share common symptoms with other retinal artery occlusions, but the context of their occurrence is vital for diagnosis:
- Sudden Vision Loss: This can range from partial to complete blindness in one eye and usually occurs abruptly.
- Blurred Vision: A noticeable and rapid decrease in visual clarity.
- Visual Field Deficits: Dark or blank spots in the field of vision.
- Distorted Vision: Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted.
Treatment
- Rehydration: Immediate rehydration and correction of electrolyte imbalances are essential.
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Can increase oxygen delivery to the retina. - Ocular Massage: May help dislodge a blockage.
- Medication: Drugs to lower intraocular pressure or dissolve clots.
- Surgical Intervention: In severe cases, surgery might be required to address the blockage.
Prevention
Preventive measures are crucial, especially during periods of extreme heat:
- Stay Hydrated - Avoid Prolonged Sun Exposure - Wear Protective Gear like sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats. Carry an umbrella.
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