UN adopts text-based negotiations on UNSC reforms

There was no voting on the decision to continue text-based UNSC reforms in the 70th session of the General Assembly and it was adopted by consensus.

The draft decision contains a negotiating text which has positions of UN member states on Security Council reforms and how the powerful 15-nation body should be expanded in its permanent and non-permanent categories.

The adoption is a significant step towards beginning talks on the long-stalled reforms process in the 70th session of the Assembly on the basis of a negotiating text, a first in the last seven years of Inter-Governmental Negotiations that have been conducted so far without the basis of any text.

India's Ambassador to the UN Asoke Mukerji said the "most important aspect" of Monday's decision is the text circulated by Kutesa in July which "we have agreed will be the guiding basis for our deliberations in the 70th General Assembly session".

"What you have delivered today... to all 193 Member States of the United Nations, is truly historic and path-breaking on several counts," Mukerji told the Assembly.

"It becomes especially memorable taking into account the stiff challenges and pressures that were brought upon you and your office to step back from this issue, which has been on the agenda of the UNGA for nearly 23 years," he added.

With the 69th session of the General Assembly concluding Tuesday, Kutesa presented the text for adoption and to be carried forward to the 70th session beginning Tuesday.

He had achieved a breakthrough of sorts by circulating the text to UN members that will form the basis for the Inter-Governmental negotiations on the UNSC reforms.

With the adoption, the General Assembly decided to "immediately continue Inter-Governmental Negotiations on Security Council reform in informal plenary of the General Assembly at its 70th session, building on the informal meetings held during its 69th session, as well as the positions and proposals made by member states..."

The draft also states that an open-ended Working Group on the negotiating text will be convened during the 70th session "if member states so decide".

Kutesa had appointed Jamaica's Permanent Representative Courtenay Rattray to chair on his behalf the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on Security Council reforms.

Kutesa, in a letter to all UN members in July, had circulated the text containing the positions of countries on Security Council reforms and how the UN body should be expanded in its permanent and non-permanent categories.

He also circulated letters containing the positions of groups and member states that indicated they did not wish their proposals to be included in the body of the negotiating text. These countries include the US, Russia and China.

Mukerji on Monday said the need for a supportive international peace and security environment is urgent and "if the Security Council continues to be ineffective, the lives of millions of people and the uninterrupted flow of trade, investment and technology, all of which depend on a stable and predictable global political environment will be jeopardised".

He said the decision to carry forward the reforms process is not just a "technical decision, nor is it a rollover but highly substantive".

"This is the first time in the history of the Inter-Governmental Negotiation (IGN) process that a decision on UNSC reform has been adopted through an official formal L Document of the UNGA.

"This is the most positive and unique development, as so far, over the last seven years we have only been making statements in the air, or at each other, with easily deniable or disputable summaries, or at times compilation text(s), to register our endeavours," he said.

He said the adoption of such a "substantive decision" on UNSC Reforms "changes the dynamics of the Inter-governmental negotiations" completely.

Mukerji noted that India was among the first to seek to conclude the UNSC reform process by the 70th anniversary of the United Nations.

"This decision sets the IGN process formally on an irreversible text-based negotiations path, which had been your priority from the first day of your Presidency," Mukerji said.

"The twin objectives of saving our work done in the 69th UNGA and carrying it meaningfully forward have therefore both been achieved," he added.

Mukerji quoted from Kutesa's letter of 31 July, in which he had stated that the text "represents a sound basis upon which Member States can engage in text-based negotiations through the next phase of IGN".

He added: "This is as clear and explicit as any mandate could ever be.

"We now know that with the adoption of this truly historic decision, we can meet in the 70th Session of the UNGA under the leadership of our Chair, the Permanent Representative of Jamaica, Ambassador Courtenay Rattray and build upon the significant work undertaken by him in the 69th Session.

"It is our hope that with the adoption of this Decision, we will now move purposefully towards concluding our negotiations during the 70th Session, so that we fulfil the unanimous mandate given by our leaders in the World Summit of 2005 for 'early reform' of the Security Council to make it... 'more broadly representative, efficient and transparent and thus to further enhance its effectiveness and the legitimacy and implementation of its decisions'."

Kutesa had informed member states about the draft in a letter dated 10 September to all Permanent Representatives.

India has maintained that the process to expand the powerful UN body "cannot be seen to be an exercise ad infinitum" and a results-based timeline is crucial to achieve a concrete outcome.