Welcome to the new sustainable world where one man’s waste is another’s resource. And welcome to Bengaluru where all kinds of experiments in urban water are taking place. Focus first on S Vishwanath of Biome, the man who followed rules, collected rainwater and rooftop runoffs, stored it in tanks and reused it. Then the grey water was recycled and used for horticulture and growing vegetables on rooftops. Then he met with a number of residents' bodies and the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) to foster partnerships which would revive not just lakes but wells and any aquifers which would save the water in the city. Today he teaches a water management course at Azim Premji University and is also a consultant to the BBMP.
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are mandatory in the city for multi-storey apartment living. Today many are able to release their treated water into bio-remediation segments of the lakes where water islands and select plants clean the quality of water such that it can be released into the lake. Periodic checks are done to ensure that water quality in the lakes is of the required standards. As a result, about 100 of the 210-odd surviving lakes are in a state of reasonably good health, says Vishwanath.
Income from Wastewater
But managing lakes is a resource-intensive job and it needs more money. Here arrived the entrepreneurs who created start-ups which would address various parts of the water chain. Consider for instance Vikas Brahmavar of Boson Whitewater who works with RWAs of housing societies helping manage the excess water that comes out of the treatment. Brahmavar treats it to the right quality and sells it to bulk users such as developers and other bulk users in Bengaluru who need large quantities of clean water for construction.
Now take the case of Shravanth Donthi, co-founder and CEO of tankerwala. Former owner of an airline in South Africa, he sold his stock and came to India to work in the water and sustainability space. When his wife and he saw tankers delivering water every other day, they built tankerwala, an app to aggregate all the water tankers on an app, during COVID. Borewells were tested and reports of the water being supplied by the tankers were issued. When real estate companies started buying 2-3 lakh litres of water a day, a quest for other sources of water started, so that groundwater could be protected. STPs in the city were generating water. Tankerwala started picking up this water and delivering it to construction companies and metro sites at Shivaji Nagar and Cantonment to contractor Afcons. They used this water for tunnel boring. For every metre, it uses 70,000-1 lakh litres of water, and for the metro network, they needed to dig tunnels of 40-50 km in the city. The first mission of using treated water was met.
For concrete applications, the water was cleaned up and met IS 456-2000 standards. Tankerwala identified the STP, deployed vehicles and supplied water. Monthly testing became the norm for RCC projects. This accounted for 3-5 lakh litres from 6-7 STPs. The challenge now was that the STP network of the city was not mapped, and water had to be supplied in a 5 km radius to remain carbon neutral on different sites.
This led to a new app called bluecred which allowed suppliers and users to register and sell or seek water. The system matches the STP, buys water from the generators and provides the residents with enough money to manage the STP. They use 30 per cent of the water for flushing and horticulture. This dynamic grid has been very successful in those pockets where there are occupied projects and a lot of new construction taking place.
Water for the Lakes
But Dhonti and Brahmavar’s solutions became Vishwanath’s problem. Will lakes get enough water if commercial users corner the cleaned water? There was even a power plant that helped water management if a certain quantity went to them. Now an arrangement has been made to ensure the lake gets its supply and the rest is sold to the power plant.
Ultimately, the network will only grow if the sewage is treated as a resource and not as waste. For the RWAs, it is important to find the right start-ups that would pay them the operating cost to source the excess water. For start-ups, there needs to be a documented network of STPs that they can source water from. City managers simply need to map the STPs. For the suppliers, the water volumes have to be planned area-wise so that demand can be matched to local supply to reduce carbon footprint. The lake warriors need their regular supplies to keep the lakes up and running with vibrant fish and bird populations.
Ultimately, as Vishwanath says, the plethora of organisations need to synchronise to achieve the final goal — to unlock the value of wastewater and purify it to the requirements of different user groups. As lakes recharge the water aquifers, the depletion of underground water can also be contained. This can only be a win-win situation.
E Jayashree Kurup is a writer-researcher in real estate and Director Real Estate & Cities, Wordmeister Editorial Services. Views are personal, and do not represent the stand of this publication.
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