In the wake of a world-shaking event, the human mind can get confused, with memories of the scary experience lingering in the thoughts. The International Classification of Diseases describes this condition as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a delayed response to a catastrophic life event likely to cause distress in almost anyone.
PTSD is characterised as a delayed reaction to a life-altering event, and it's likely to cause distress in almost anyone. It can manifest through various symptoms, such as flashbacks, nightmares, and heightened anxiety, often requiring specialised medical care and treatment.
Risk factors and diagnosis:
Risk factors for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) include a previous history of the condition, a family history of mental illnesses, and exposure to specific traumatic events such as war, the loss of a loved one, or severe injuries leading to loss of consciousness. Those lacking adequate emotional support and positive interactions are at a higher risk of developing this disorder. Some people may also resort to avoiding their emotions as a coping mechanism, and the presence of excessive stressors can further worsen the situation.
Diagnosing PTSD often involves a psychological evaluation, utilising the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a valuable tool in the diagnostic process.
The symptoms indicative of PTSD that may help in identifying the disorder include:
Flashbacks: Flashbacks are a part of PTSD, involving the intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events. These flashbacks replay distressing memories, often accompanied by intense emotional reactions that transport individuals back to the very moment of their trauma. These distressing episodes can possibly disrupt their daily life. They can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli, from sights and sounds to smells and sensations.
Avoidance: Many times, those suffering from this condition avoid mentioning the event responsible for PTSD. This behaviour serves as a protective mechanism against reminders of the traumatic event. It extends beyond merely avoiding places, clothing, objects, or activities linked to the trauma; it can also include distancing oneself from individuals or conversations that might trigger distressing memories.
Surrounded by negative emotions: In the aftermath of trauma, a shadow of depression, anxiety, and shame often clouds one's behaviour. Distancing oneself from hobbies or favourite pastimes can be put on forgotten shelves. Some face forgetfulness, unable to piece together fragments of the harrowing event they suffered.
Increased reactivity: Some people become speculative and may get easily startled because heightened reactivity is a common manifestation of PTSD. This state of constant alertness can lead to bursts of anger and aggression and a propensity for engaging in risky behaviours, all of which are potential indicators of the disorder.
Self-recovery is possible for some, while others may necessitate professional intervention and treatment. In such cases, psychotherapy options may include:
Cognitive therapy: This therapy helps identify cognitive patterns that hinder progress, such as self-negativity and the recurring fear of the traumatic experience.
Exposure therapy: This approach is effective in helping individuals confront haunting memories and address disturbances like nightmares that disrupt their sleep and daily routines.
Other measures: Therapists or psychiatrists may also recommend stress management techniques to handle challenging situations. They may prescribe antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications for a period to improve mood.
Social support: Particularly, support from family members, friends and participation in support groups can help navigate the emotional whirlwind. Gradual reintegration into daily routines like work or school and adapting to circumstances can contribute to the healing process.
Self-care: Even though self-care may seem highly challenging during these times, it plays a vital role in recovery. Simple steps such as maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise can be useful in the healing journey. It's advisable to avoid caffeine and tobacco, as they tend to increase anxiety.
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