In the case of SIP every investment is considered as a fresh investment. So if you have to get the benefit of long-term capital gains then each investment has to be held for a 12-month period.
In the case of STP where you are moving money from a debt fund to an equity fund if the surplus is actually being moved from the debt fund in less than one year then it will be taxed as per your income slab, otherwise the normal debt taxation will be applied, that is 10 percent without indexation and 20 percent with indexation.
As far as SWP is concerned, here we are actually withdrawing a certain amount of money at particular intervals. If it is a debt fund and we are growing for growth option, if we are withdrawing the money in less than one year it is as per your tax slab, if it is more than one year it is 10 percent without indexation and 20 percent with indexation.
If you are doing an STP, SWP from an equity fund, if you withdraw it after a period of one year then the long-term capital gains is nil.
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