Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a contagious illness brought about by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily affects the lungs, it can also impact other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with an active TB infection cough, speaks, or sneezes. Therefore, living in close quarters with someone infected with TB increases the risk of transmission.
However, certain lifestyle adjustments can significantly minimise the risk of this disease. Here are some proactive measures families and individuals in close contact with TB patients can adopt, suggested by Dr Anjali Khalane, Consultant Pulmonologist and Sleep Disorders Specialist at Ruby Hall Clinic.
Ventilation
Improving ventilation in living spaces is crucial. TB bacteria spread more easily in closed environments where air does not move. Open windows and use fans to increase the circulation of outdoor air into the home, which helps dilute and disperse respiratory droplets potentially laden with TB bacteria.
Separate sleeping quarters
If possible, the person with TB should sleep in a separate room until they are no longer infectious. This reduces the duration and closeness of exposure to the bacteria for other household members.
Practice good hygiene
Maintaining good hygiene can stop the spread of many infectious diseases, including TB. Regular hand washing with soap and water, covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow when coughing or sneezing, and properly disposing of tissues can help prevent the spread of bacteria.
Use masks
The person with active TB should wear a surgical mask, especially when in shared spaces within the home or in public settings, to help prevent the expulsion of infectious droplets into the air. Close contacts might also consider wearing masks in situations where they are in close proximity to the patient.
Early diagnosis and adherence to treatment
One of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of TB is for the infected person to begin treatment as soon as possible and to adhere strictly to their medication regimen. TB is curable, and patients become much less infectious within a few weeks of consistent treatment. Ensuring the patient follows their treatment plan is vital.
Regular screening for close contacts
Family members and close contacts should get regularly tested for TB. Early detection in these individuals can prevent the development of active TB through prompt initiation of treatment.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle including adequate nutrition, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol can strengthen the immune system. A strong immune system can fight TB bacteria more effectively and reduce the risk of the disease progressing from latent to active in those infected.
Raise awareness
Knowledge is a key factor in preventing TB. Understanding how TB spreads, recognising its symptoms, and knowing the importance of treatment can help infected individuals and their families take the necessary precautions to prevent its spread.
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