The human hip is a ball and socket type joint having both stability (second only to the shoulder) and range of motion In young kids, positioning of the femoral head (the “ball”) and acetabulum (the “cup”) is important for normal growth and development. But in hip dysplasia, the natural alignment doesn't take shape properly, leading to instability and limited joint movement.
Hip dysplasia is frequently present at birth, though it occurs in early life with some children. The condition can range from slight loosening of the joint to complete dislocation in which the ball comes all the way out of that socket. If left unattended, it can delay walking and cause pain, limping and early onset of arthritis during adulthood.
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“Early diagnosis and prompt therapy are key to management,” says Dr Neeraj Gupta, Senior Consultant - Paediatric Orthopaedics at the CK Birla Hospital®, Delhi. “If diagnosed properly, most children respond to nonsurgical treatments like a harness or brace. In severe conditions, surgery may be necessary to re-establish joint stability,” he adds. Early detection of hip dysplasia results in better outcomes, and the child may achieve normal mobility as he/she grows.
1. Irregular hip joint growth
When the hip ball is not accurately seated within the cup during childhood, the joint grows abnormally. This irregular growth can cause lifetime deformity and be difficult to change later on.
2. Limping and walking abnormalities
One of the most apparent consequences of hip dysplasia in children is limping. If it affects only one hip, the child will limp on a single leg. When both hips are affected, gait is unstable and results in a bilateral limp.
3. Limb length discrepancies
Hip dysplasia causes one leg to be shorter than the other. Not only does it hinder walking, but it also affects posture and general body balance.
4. Inability to sit cross-legged
Babies with dysplasia of the hip are not able to sit cross-legged. This is because of the malaligned and tight hip joint which does not permit flexibility and smooth range of motion.
5. intermittent pain and discomfort
Contrary to expectations, the majority of children with hip dysplasia are not perpetually in pain. Some may, however, experience discomfort or soreness around the hip, particularly on exertion.
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6. Thigh and posture visible asymmetry
The condition can also lead to noticeable differences in thigh or leg contours. Some kids could turn out to be stooping when they walk, compromising their posture even more.
7. Long-term complications if left untreated
Should hip dysplasia continue into adulthood, it cannot be improved by mere repositioning any longer. Hip replacement would then be necessary, which would otherwise not have been needed with early treatment and diagnosis.
Hip dysplasia in kids is typically painless when it first occurs but can lead to severe issues in the future if left untreated. Normal development of the hips and avoiding lifetime issues can be assured only with early diagnosis followed by prompt treatment.
FAQs about hip dysplasia
1. What is hip dysplasia?
Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint does not form properly, leading to instability and limited movement.
2. How is hip dysplasia diagnosed?
Early diagnosis involves physical exams and imaging tests like ultrasounds or X-rays to check the hip joint's alignment.
3. Can hip dysplasia be treated without surgery?
Yes, many cases respond well to nonsurgical treatments like harnesses or braces. Severe cases may require surgery.
4. What are the long-term effects if hip dysplasia is untreated?
If untreated, hip dysplasia can cause pain, limping, early-onset arthritis, and may eventually require hip replacement surgery.
5. How can parents help in the early diagnosis of hip dysplasia?
Parents should monitor their child's walking patterns, limb lengths, and ability to sit cross-legged, and seek medical advice if any abnormalities are noticed.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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