Fatty liver disease, or hepatic steatosis, is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver. Normally, the liver contains a small amount of fat, but when this fat constitutes more than 5-10 per cent of the liver's weight, it leads to fatty liver disease. This condition can be caused by factors such as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, insulin resistance, or metabolic disorders. Fatty liver disease is often divided into two types: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD).
While it often presents no symptoms, it can progress to more severe liver damage, including inflammation (steatohepatitis), scarring (fibrosis), and cirrhosis, which can impair liver function. Many people with fatty liver disease might not show obvious symptoms, making it essential to be aware of subtle warning signs. Here are eight signs that you should not ignore, according to Dr Arjun Mehtaand, Senior Gastroenterologist, SRS Global Healthcare.
Fatigue and weakness
Persistent tiredness and general weakness can be early signs of liver dysfunction, including fatty liver disease.
Abdominal discomfort
A feeling of fullness, discomfort, or dull pain in the upper right abdomen where the liver is located can indicate a fatty liver.
Unexplained weight loss
Sudden, unexplained weight loss can occur as the liver's ability to process nutrients is compromised.
Loss of appetite
A decreased interest in food or feeling full after eating very little may be a sign of liver problems.
Nausea and vomiting
Chronic nausea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, can be a symptom of fatty liver disease.
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and eyes occurs when the liver can’t effectively process bilirubin, a waste product.
Dark urine
Dark-coloured urine, despite adequate hydration, can be a sign of liver dysfunction.
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Swelling in the abdomen or legs
Fluid retention in the abdomen (ascites) or legs (oedema) can occur in advanced stages of liver disease.
Treatment strategies for fatty liver disease
Lifestyle changes
Diet: Focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid excessive sugar, refined carbs, and unhealthy fats.
Exercise: Regular physical activity helps reduce liver fat. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week.
Weight management: Gradual weight loss can help reduce fat in the liver. Avoid rapid weight loss, which can worsen the condition.
Medications
No specific medication is approved for fatty liver disease, but managing underlying conditions like diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure can help. In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications to manage symptoms or complications.
Avoid alcohol
Alcohol can exacerbate liver damage, so it is crucial to avoid alcohol if you have fatty liver disease.
Control blood sugar levels
If you have diabetes or prediabetes, managing blood sugar levels can help reduce liver fat.
Regular monitoring
Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor liver function and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
Avoid toxins
Be cautious with over-the-counter medications and supplements, as some can worsen liver damage. Always consult with your doctor before taking new medications.
Chronic stress can impact liver health. Techniques such as mindfulness, meditation, and yoga can help manage stress levels.
Consider vitamin E supplementation
In some cases, vitamin E has been shown to reduce liver inflammation. However, it should only be taken under a doctor’s supervision due to potential side effects.
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