Endometriosis is a complex and often misunderstood medical condition that affects millions of women worldwide. Despite its prevalence, it is frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, leading to prolonged suffering and decreased quality of life for those affected. It is important therefore to understand the intricacies of endometriosis, recognising its symptoms and understanding how timely gynaecological checks and accurate diagnosis can help ease the condition.
What is endometriosis?
Endometriosis involves the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, commonly found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic lining. The tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, leading to inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue or adhesions, says Dr Shweta Wazir, Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Motherhood Hospitals, Gurgaon.
Symptoms of endometriosis
The most common symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain, which may vary in intensity and timing, often occurring before, during, or after menstruation. Other symptoms include painful intercourse, heavy menstrual bleeding, infertility, and gastrointestinal issues, says Wazir. Keeping a detailed menstrual diary can help track symptoms and provide valuable information for diagnosis.
Misconceptions of endometriosis
Stigma surrounding menstruation and women's health issues can lead to delays in seeking medical care and trivialising the experiences of those with endometriosis. Therefore, it is important to have right education and awareness in breaking down these barriers and empowering women to advocate for their health.
Importance of timely gynaecological checks and diagnosis
Regular gynaecological check-ups are essential for early detection and management of endometriosis, says Wazir. Healthcare providers should listen to patients' concerns, perform thorough examinations, and consider endometriosis as a potential diagnosis in women presenting with pelvic pain or infertility. Diagnostic tools such as transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laparoscopy may be used to confirm the presence of endometriosis and assess its severity.
How to treat endometriosis
Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, preserve fertility, and improve quality of life. Options include pain management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal therapies to suppress menstruation and reduce inflammation, and surgical intervention to remove endometriotic lesions and adhesions. According to Wazir, assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilisation (IVF) can also offer hope for women struggling with infertility due to endometriosis.
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