Bronchial asthma, or simply asthma, is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to breathing difficulties. The primary symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing (especially at night or early morning), and chest tightness. Asthma can be triggered by allergens like pollen and dust mites, respiratory infections, physical activity, cold air, and pollutants such as smoke or chemicals.
Managing bronchial asthma effectively involves a combination of medication, lifestyle adjustments, and regular monitoring. Here are some key tips shared by Dr Vivek Nangia, principal director and head of pulmonology at Max Super Speciality hospital, Saket.
Medication management
Controller medications: Use long-term control medications (inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta agonists) as prescribed to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms.
Rescue medications: Always have quick-relief inhalers available for immediate symptom relief.
Use inhalers correctly: Ensure proper inhaler technique to maximise medication delivery to the lungs. Consider using a spacer if recommended.
Regular check-ups: Schedule regular visits with your healthcare provider to monitor your asthma control and adjust your treatment plan as needed.
Monitoring and action plan
Asthma action plan: Develop an asthma action plan with your doctor. This should outline daily management and how to monitor and handle worsening symptoms or attacks.
Peak flow monitoring: Use a peak flow meter to regularly measure your lung function. Track your readings to detect early signs of worsening asthma.
Lifestyle adjustments
Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid known asthma triggers (allergens, smoke, pollution, strong odors, cold air, etc.).
Healthy environment: Keep your living environment clean and free of dust mites, mold, pet dander, and other allergens.
Manage allergies: If allergies exacerbate your asthma, consider allergy medications or immunotherapy.
Exercise with caution: Engage in regular physical activity but take precautions to prevent exercise-induced asthma. Warm up before exercising and use a rescue inhaler if needed.
Lifestyle and general health
Healthy diet: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, which can have anti-inflammatory effects.
Weight management: Achieve and maintain a healthy weight, as obesity can worsen asthma symptoms.
Quit smoking: Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, as they can significantly worsen asthma.
Manage stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques such as mindfulness, yoga, or meditation, as stress can trigger asthma symptoms.
Education and support
Educate yourself: Learn about asthma and stay informed about the latest treatments and management strategies.
Support system: Communicate with family, friends, and co-workers about your condition so they can provide support and understand how to help during an asthma attack.
By following these tips, you can better manage your asthma, reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms, and improve your overall quality of life. Always work closely with your healthcare provider to tailor these strategies to your specific needs.
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