Lactose intolerance arises from a deficiency of lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine that is essential for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. When lactase levels are insufficient, undigested lactose passes into the colon, where it is fermented by bacteria, resulting in the production of gas and causing various gastrointestinal symptoms.
Lactose intolerance can be affected by age, genetics, and health conditions. As people get older, they often produce less lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose. Some populations are genetically predisposed to lower lactase levels. Conditions like Crohn's disease or celiac disease, which damage the small intestine, can also reduce lactase production and lead to lactose intolerance.
Here are 7 symptoms of lactose intolerance and its impact on your health
Diarrhoea: One of the most common symptoms of lactose intolerance is diarrhoea, which occurs due to the fermentation of undigested lactose in the colon. This can lead to loose, watery stools and frequent trips to the loo, impacting daily activities and causing dehydration if not managed properly.
Stomach pain: Stomach pain or cramps are often experienced after consuming dairy products. This pain is caused by the buildup of gas and fluid in the colon as a result of undigested lactose. The discomfort can range from mild to severe and can interfere with your daily life.
Bloating: Another common symptom of lactose intolerance, bloating is marked by a feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen. This occurs due to gas produced during the fermentation of lactose in the colon, leading to visible distension and discomfort.
Gas: You may experience excessive gas if you are lactose intolerance. As bacteria in the colon ferment undigested lactose, they produce hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gases. This can result in flatulence, which can be embarrassing and uncomfortable.
Nausea: Nausea may occur shortly after consuming dairy products, especially if large amounts of lactose are ingested. This symptom is due to the body's inability to process lactose properly, leading to gastrointestinal distress.
Vomiting: In some cases, severe lactose intolerance can cause vomiting. This occurs as the body's way of expelling the undigested lactose from the system, leading to further dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not addressed.
Borborygmi: Also known as abdominal gurgling or rumbling sounds, borborygmi, is caused by the movement of gas and fluid in the intestines. This is a direct result of the fermentation process of undigested lactose and can be accompanied by other gastrointestinal symptoms.
Treatment for lactose intolerance:
Managing lactose intolerance primarily involves dietary modifications to avoid or limit lactose intake. Lactase enzyme supplements are available over-the-counter and can be taken before consuming dairy products to help digest lactose. Probiotics, which promote a healthy gut microbiome, may also be beneficial. Ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D through lactose-free dairy products or supplements is important to prevent deficiencies.
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