On Tuesday, the Karnataka Government declared dengue fever an epidemic due to a surge in cases. The state has reported 25,408 dengue cases and 12 deaths, with fatalities occurring in Hassan, Dharwad, Shivamogga, Mysuru, Haveri, and Davangere. Stringent measures are set to be enforced to control the outbreak.
Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The virus causes flu-like symptoms and can lead to severe conditions such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome if not managed properly.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), dengue fever is spread through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes become infected after feeding on the blood of an individual already infected with the dengue virus. Once infected, the mosquito can transmit the virus to other humans through subsequent bites.
Symptoms of dengue:
Dengue fever often starts with a sudden high fever, severe headaches, and pain behind the eyes. Affected individuals may also experience joint and muscle pain, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and a skin rash.
Precautions for dengue:
To prevent dengue fever, it is crucial to avoid mosquito bites, particularly in areas where dengue is common. The World Health Organization (WHO) advises using mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin. Wearing long-sleeved clothing and long pants can further reduce skin exposure. Staying in air-conditioned or well-screened accommodations, removing standing water around the home, and using mosquito nets while sleeping are also effective preventive measures.
Cure for dengue:
There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever; management focuses on supportive care. According to WHO, patients should stay well-hydrated and rest as much as possible. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) can help manage fever and pain, but NSAIDs should be avoided as they may worsen bleeding complications.
Close monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential, especially if symptoms worsen or if severe dengue signs, such as bleeding or fluid leakage, develop. In severe cases, hospitalisation for intravenous fluid therapy and close observation may be necessary.
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