Menstruation, also known as a period, is a natural process where the uterus sheds its lining (called the endometrium) along with blood through the vagina. It usually happens once a month for women who are in their reproductive years (from puberty to menopause).
Menstruation happens because the body prepares for pregnancy each month by building a thick lining in the uterus to support a fertilised egg, explains Dr Pallavi Vasal, Clinical Director, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurugram. “If no fertilisation occurs, hormone levels drop, signaling the body to shed this lining along with blood through the vagina. This process, regulated by hormones like estrogen and progesterone, repeats as part of the menstrual cycle, typically lasting 25–35 days,” she says.
Here's everything you must know about periods, from cycle variations to hygiene tips and more, courtesy Dr Vasal:
Menstruation is natural, not a taboo: Periods are a normal biological process and an indicator of good health. Treating it as a taboo prevents open conversations and keeps women from understanding their own bodies. Breaking the stigma is the first step toward empowerment.
Also read | Hormonal imbalance: Here's how fluctuations impact your menstrual cycle and pregnancy plans
Cycle duration can vary: Not all menstrual cycles are the same. While the average cycle lasts 25 to 35 days, a few days' variation is normal. The cycle begins on the first day of your period. Tracking your cycle can help identify any irregularities and aid in planning.
Menstrual hygiene is a must: Hygiene is non-negotiable during periods. Change your sanitary products every 3–4 hours to prevent infections. Wash your hands before and after changing products, and take regular baths to stay fresh and healthy.
Choose your sanitary products wisely: From sanitary pads and tampons to menstrual cups and period underwear, there's a range of options available. Pick what feels most comfortable and suits your lifestyle.
Heavy bleeding may signal a problem: If you’re changing pads every 1–2 hours or your periods last more than 7 days, it could indicate issues like fibroids or hormonal imbalances. Don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.
PMS is real: Mood swings, bloating, and fatigue are common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome caused by hormonal changes. Simple lifestyle adjustments like healthy eating, regular exercise, and stress management can make a difference.
Also read | Period cramps disrupting your routine? Here are some ways to deal with the pain
Diet matters: Eat light and avoid heavy or gas-causing foods during your period to avoid discomfort. Stay hydrated, and while coffee lovers can have up to two cups a day, a well-balanced, nutrient-rich diet is the most beneficial.
Irregular periods deserve attention: Missing or irregular periods could be a result of stress, weight changes, or conditions like PCOS or thyroid disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference.
Period pain is common but manageable: Cramps caused by uterine contractions are normal but can be alleviated with warm compresses, hydration, light exercise, or over-the-counter pain relief.
Exercise helps: Engage in light activities like walking or yoga to improve blood flow and reduce cramping. Skip strenuous workouts if you’re in pain, but staying active can help overall.
Mental health matters: Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can affect mental well-being. If feelings of anxiety, depression, or emotional distress persist, reach out for support.
Periods shouldn’t hold you back: Women can work, study, and participate in sports during their periods. Social taboos shouldn’t stop anyone. If you feel well, go ahead and do what you want.
Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for specific health diagnosis.
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