National Science Day 2025 Date: Why Do We Celebrate Science Day on February 28?

C.V. Raman discovered the Raman Effect on 28 February 1928. It describes the scattering of light when it passes through a transparent material and interacts with its molecules. Most of the light continues in the same direction, but a small portion is scattered with a change in energy, leading to variations in wavelength.

Also Read - National Science Day 2025: Speech and Essay Ideas for Students in English

Types of Energy Shifts in the Raman Effect

Stokes Shift (Energy Loss): When light interacts with a material, some photons transfer part of their energy to the molecules, causing vibrations. This results in scattered light with a longer wavelength (lower energy) than the original light. This shift helps in studying chemical compounds and their molecular structures.

Anti-Stokes Shift (Energy Gain): In some cases, molecules that already have high energy transfer energy to the scattered light. This leads to light with a shorter wavelength (higher energy) than the original. Anti-Stokes scattering is useful in temperature measurements and studying high-energy molecular states.

Raman spectroscopy, based on this principle, is widely used in chemistry, physics, medical research, and forensic science.

C.V. Raman’s discovery of the Raman Effect was a significant breakthrough in physics, paving the way for new scientific research. In recognition of this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930, making him the first Indian to receive this honour in science.

C.V. Raman’s contributions have had a lasting impact on science in India and worldwide. His work continues to inspire scientists, researchers, and students. The Raman Effect remains an essential tool in various scientific fields, contributing to advancements in healthcare, material science, and forensic investigations. By celebrating National Science Day, India honours C.V. Raman’s legacy and encourages young minds to explore the world of science and innovation.