Southern elephant seals, once symbols of ocean strength, are now in trouble. Populations are shrinking fast across Antarctica’s wild coasts. Scientists are searching for answers as a strange illness spread among them.
Decline among Elephant Seals
The once-crowded breeding grounds are getting quieter each season. Fewer seals gather on beaches to breed and rest. The decline is visible in South Georgia and the Kerguelen Islands. Experts call it an “impossible decline” for a species once thriving.
The researchers note fewer pups surviving each year across major colonies. Satellite tracking shows adults spending longer times hunting at sea. Climate change and food shortages may be worsening the population drop.
H5N1: The Flu that Spreads Through Colonies
The deadly strain of bird flu is known as H5N1. This was first detected among birds in 1996. By 2020 this highly pathogenic form of the virus had mutated to spread easily among wild bird populations.
By 2022, it also began to transmit directly from mammal to mammal. It affects their lungs and weakens their strength to dive.
Scientists to solve this Mystery
The research teams are collecting samples and studying the virus’s genetic code. Early findings show it might have jumped from seabirds. Scientists are now testing antiviral options and immune responses. Some elephant seals show signs of natural resistance, offering a small ray of hope.
Protecting Elephant Seals Becomes More Urgent
Rising ocean temperatures and shrinking ice are making life tougher. The elephant seals must dive deeper and travel farther to find food. Weaker pups and struggling adults show how fragile their balance is. Scientists warn that without stronger protection the numbers could fall further. Monitoring and conservation efforts are vital to safeguard these giants.
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