7 Experiments India’s Shubhanshu Shukla will study aboard the ISS during Axiom-4 mission

India Returns to the ISS After 44 Years: Indian astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla travels to the ISS aboard Axiom-4. For more than 14 days, he'll perform seven Indian experiments that study biology, agriculture and human adaptation in space. (Image: Axiom Space)

Muscle Loss in Microgravity: Astronauts lose muscle in space because of microgravity. The experiment by Shukla tries to determine causes and test therapy approaches, potentially assisting astronauts on Mars missions and age-related muscle loss patients on Earth. (Image: Canva)

Growing Crops in Space: Six seed varieties of crops will be transported to space to test how they develop. Researchers from Kerala Agricultural University expect to find genetic properties that can be used for space farms in the future. (Image: AI Generated)

Water Bears in Orbit: The Voyager Tardigrades experiment examines how these almost indestructible micro-animals cope under extreme stress. Researchers will rehydrate them aboard the ISS and study how they operate and heal in microgravity. (Image: Canva)

Algae Growth and Genetics: Three strains of microalgae will be monitored for genetic and metabolic changes. The experiment may enhance oxygen production, food supplies, and recycling systems for space missions lasting decades. (Image: Canva)

Seeds Beyond Earth: Changes in germination, microbe resistance, and nutrition following post-mission analysis of space-flown seeds will be brought to light. ISRO's food sustainability planning is enabled by this experiment for long-duration space travel. (Image: Canva)

Exploring Cyanobacteria in Space: ISRO and ESA will examine the growth and behaviour of two strains of cyanobacteria in space. Their photosynthetic capacity and resilience could power future lunar or Martian life support systems. (Image: Canva)

Vision and Stress Study: Shukla will monitor how screen usage affects eye focus, coordination, and mental stress in zero gravity. It may enhance astronaut performance and mental health during deep space flights. (Image: Canva)