How to protect yourself from norovirus, COVID-19, flu and RSV

In the winter months, it seems few are safe from some kind of illness — flu, COVID-19, norovirus, colds.

While many of the germs that cause this misery can circulate throughout the year, scientists think that the winter surge of flu and cold activity may be because we spend more time indoors and the cold, dry air may weaken our defences. But knowing what these bugs are and how they spread can help. While it may be difficult to make it through the season totally unscathed, there are some things you can do to protect yourself from these respiratory and stomach viruses.
How do I know whether I have the cold, the flu, COVID-19 or something else? Some symptoms are hard to distinguish among illnesses, especially with respiratory viruses. Others are unmistakable. — Norovirus is a foodborne illness that can spread through water and contaminated surfaces and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and stomach pain for about one to three days. — The common cold can be caused by several different types of viruses and can cause a runny nose, congestion, cough, sneezing, sore throat, headaches, body aches or low fever for less than a week. — The flu, caused by influenza viruses that are always changing, leads to fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches, headaches and feeling tired.
Flu symptoms tend to hit more quickly than cold symptoms, and can last anywhere from a few days to two weeks. — COVID-19 can cause fever, chills, cough, short of breath, sore throat, congestion, loss of smell or taste, fatigue, aches, headache, nausea, or vomiting for several days. — RSV can cause a runny nose, congestion, coughing, sneezing, wheezing, fever and a loss of appetite for a week or two. One way to protect yourself from all viruses: Wash your hands Seriously. Rigorous and frequent handwashing — with soap! — is crucial to reduce the spread of norovirus, colds, flu and COVID-19. This is especially true after using the bathroom and eating or preparing food, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention says.

Don’t speed through it, either. Count to 20, slowly, while you scrub away. If you don’t have access to soap and water, try a hand sanitiser with at least 60 per cent alcohol — though that isn’t enough to wipe out norovirus. Cleaning surfaces can wipe out viruses If norovirus has found you, you’ll want to immediately clean surfaces that came in contact with contaminated food or bodily fluids.

The CDC recommends disinfecting things with a chlorine bleach solution or one of the products listed on this Environmental Protection Agency website. Don’t forget to wash any clothing that came in contact with vomit or feces — use hot water and detergent. Then, wash your hands. Again. With colds and flu, it’s best to regularly clean surfaces that you come into a lot of contact with. Think doorknobs, light switches, countertops, beloved toys, cellphones. Use household cleaning products that contain soap or detergent, and follow it up with a sanitiser.