Most Japanese companies support loosening the country's tight immigration system to cope with a severe labour shortage, but they favour skilled workers who can fit into the workplace, not an influx of unskilled labourers, a Reuters poll shows.
The labour market in fast-ageing Japan is its tightest in nearly half a century and the government has cracked open the door to allow foreigners to work in such areas as farming, at car factories and in convenience stores.
But in a society that has long prized its homogeneity, the government insists these steps do not amount to open immigration. The Reuters Corporate Survey found that Japanese firms make a distinction between foreigners allowed to work because they pass suitability tests and unskilled immigrants.
The government in June unveiled plans to allow five-year work permits for foreigners in certain categories. Authorities are also considering allowing foreign workers who pass certain tests to stay indefinitely and bring their families - major changes for Japan.
The monthly Reuters poll found 57 percent of big and midsized Japanese firms employ foreigners and 60 percent favour a more open immigration system. But just 38 percent favoured allowing unskilled workers into the country to ease labour shortages.
"Overall, Japanese firms remain cautious about accepting foreign workers," said Yoshiyuki Suimon, senior economist at Nomura Securities, who reviewed the survey results.
"They are aware of the need to accept immigrants in the long run, but for now they are trying to cope with labour shortages through investment in automation and labour-saving technology. Restaurants and retailers are also making active use of foreign students" who are permitted to work 28 hours a week, he said.
The poll, conducted for Reuters by Nikkei Research between Aug 1 and Aug 14, canvassed 483 businesses with capital of at least 1 billion yen ($9 million). The managers responded anonymously.
While some companies saw unskilled foreign workers as a source of cheap labour, others fretted about the cost to their businesses of educating and managing them, citing cultural and language barriers.
The number of foreigners in Japan has more than doubled in the past decade to 1.3 million, but that remains below 2 percent of the total labour force, compared to 10 percent in Britain, 38 percent in Singapore and 2 percent in South Korea.
Some respondents expressed concerns that opening the doors to foreign workers would be a threat to public safety and social stability, some citing Europe where attitudes towards immigration have hardened, and would increase welfare costs.
"Foreign employees at our company are engineers who graduated from Japanese universities," a manager at an electrical-machinery company, who responded to the survey, said.
"These employees are white-collar workers who speak Japanese and have studied the theory of technology at university," said the manager. "We will consider accepting such white-collar workers. There's no room for unskilled foreigners at our company."
The survey result suggested companies are slightly more receptive to foreigners than in a March 2017 Reuters poll, with those employing foreigners rising by 5 percentage points to 57 percent and those willing to hire unskilled foreigners increasing 4 percentage points to 38 percent.
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