The country will need to grow by 9 percent every year for five years continuously and raise aggregate investment rate to 38 percent of GDP to achieve Prime Minister Narendra Modi's target of turning India into a $5 trillion economy, EY has said.
In its latest edition of Economy Watch, EY said assuming India grows by projected 7 percent in the current fiscal year ending March 31, 2020, the size of the economy will grow to $3 trillion from $2.7 trillion in the previous year.
It will have to grow by 9 percent in each of the five subsequent years to take the size of the economy to $3.3 trillion in FY21, $3.6 trillion in FY22, $4.1 trillion in FY23, $4.5 trillion in FY24 and $5 trillion in FY25.
"Assuming an inflation rate of 4 percent which is the target inflation rate as per the Monetary Policy Framework, a real growth rate close to 9 percent would be required to increase the size of the Indian economy to $5 trillion by FY25. This implies a nominal growth rate of 13 percent, assuming an average annual depreciation of the rupee viz-a-vis the US$ at 2 percent," it said.
In FY19 (2018-19), the gross investment rate, estimated at 31.3 percent, was able to deliver a real growth rate of 6.8 percent. The implicit incremental capital-output ratio (ICOR) was 4.6, it said. "This is relatively high because of deficient capacity utilisation."
Historically, India's average ICOR during the three-year period from FY17 to FY19 has averaged 4.23. The highest achieved investment rate in India was 39.6 percent in FY12.
EY said achieving such levels would be consistent with the requirements of our demographic dividend.
In China, average saving and investment rates of close to 45 percent have been maintained for a long period.
Total investment is the sum of public investment, household investment and investment by the private corporate sector.
Raising the growth rate to 9 percent in FY21 would require uplifting the investment rate to close to 38 percent of GDP as against 31.3 percent in FY19, it said.
"If the inflation rate is lower than 4 percent on an average and if the exchange rate depreciation is higher than 2 percent per annum, reaching the size of $5 trillion would be delayed even beyond these target years."
While the central government plays a four-fold role in determining the overall investment rate through its budgetary capital expenditure, spending through PSUs, policy initiatives inducing private investments and coordination with state governments, the Centre's share in country's aggregate investment was quite small at 1.6 percent of GDP in FY19.
As per actuals from the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), this constituted only 5.1 percent of the aggregate investment. After adding central PSU's capital expenditure of 2.4 percent of GDP in FY19, the Centre's contribution to the investment increases to 4 percent of GDP, which is 12.6 percent of the total investment.
"This can be substantially improved. The center may therefore provide a policy framework to induce the state governments and the private sector to uplift their investment rates," EY said.
"Furthermore, if the central government can successfully reduce its revenue deficit, there would be room for higher capital expenditure with the same fiscal deficit. It can also induce additional investment through the CPSEs while keeping in mind, the overall constraint of resources in the form of savings in the system.
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