Skin ageing is a natural process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic ageing, or chronological ageing, is genetically determined and leads to the gradual decline of skin elasticity, moisture and collagen production. Extrinsic ageing results from environmental factors like UV radiation, pollution and lifestyle choices such as smoking and diet. These factors accelerate skin damage, causing wrinkles, fine lines, and pigmentation. Effective skincare, including the use of sunscreen, antioxidants, and moisturisers, can mitigate some effects of skin ageing.
Noida-based dermatologist Harshali Verma lists the following changes that are caused due to ageing, and also suggests ways to manage them.
Changes in skin with age
Thinning:
What happens: The outer layer of the skin (epidermis) thin as you age, making the skin more fragile.
Management: Use gentle cleansers and avoid over-exfoliating. Apply moisturisers to keep the skin hydrated.
Loss of elasticity:
What happens: The skin loses collagen and elastin, proteins responsible for skin's firmness and elasticity, leading to sagging and wrinkles.
Management: Use skincare products containing retinoids, vitamin C and peptides to boost collagen production. Consider treatments like laser therapy, microneedling or radio frequency.
Dryness:
What happens: Sebaceous glands produce less oil, leading to drier skin.
Management: Use richer, hydrating creams and lotions. Incorporate hyaluronic acid serums to attract and retain moisture. Avoid long, hot showers.
Pigmentation changes:
What happens: Age spots and hyperpigmentation may develop due to sun exposure over the years.
Management: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily. Incorporate products with ingredients like niacinamide, vitamin C, and hydroquinone. Chemical peels and laser treatments can also help.
Slower healing:
What happens: The skin's ability to repair itself slows down, increasing the risk of wounds and infections.
Management: Maintain a healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Keep the skin clean and protected from injuries.
Reduced subcutaneous fat:
What happens: Fat layers beneath the skin diminish, causing a loss of volume and leading to a more-gaunt appearance.
Management: Dermal fillers can restore lost volume. A balanced diet and regular exercise can help maintain overall health.
Increased sensitivity:
What happens: The skin becomes more sensitive and prone to irritation.
Management: Use hypoallergenic and fragrance-free products. Test new products on a small area before full application.
General tips for maintaining healthy ageing skin
Sun protection:
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days. Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses when outdoors.
Healthy diet:
Eat a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins and minerals. Include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
Regular exercise:
Engage in regular physical activity to improve circulation and overall health.
Avoid smoking and limit alcohol:
Smoking accelerates skin ageing and damages collagen and elastin.
Excessive alcohol consumption can dehydrate the skin and cause inflammation.
Gentle skincare routine:
Cleanse your skin gently without scrubbing. Moisturize daily to keep the skin barrier intact. Avoid harsh chemicals and overuse of active ingredients.
Adequate sleep:
Ensure you get 7–9 hours of sleep per night to allow your skin to repair and regenerate.
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