Polio, a highly infectious disease caused by the polio virus, has been a significant global health challenge for decades. Thanks to extensive vaccination efforts, polio has been largely eradicated in many parts of the world, with India being declared polio-free by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2014. However, recent reports of a vaccine-derived polio case in a two-year-old child from Meghalaya have raised concerns about the virus's resurgence. This case highlights the ongoing need for vigilance and widespread immunisation. Despite the success of the polio vaccine, several myths persist, often full of misinformation. These myths can undermine vaccination efforts, making it crucial to address them with factual information. Here are some common myths and facts about the polio vaccine, according to Dr Priyal Rastogi from Lucknow’s Lifeline Medical Centre.
Myth: The polio vaccine causes paralysis.
Fact: The polio vaccine is designed to prevent paralysis caused by the poliovirus. The oral polio vaccine (OPV) contains a weakened form of the virus that cannot cause polio. In extremely rare cases, OPV can lead to vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), but the benefits of vaccination far outweigh this risk.
Myth: Polio has been eradicated, so the vaccine is no longer necessary.
Fact: While polio has been eradicated in most parts of the world, it still exists in some regions. Global travel can bring the virus back into polio-free areas, making vaccination essential until the disease is completely eradicated worldwide.
Myth: Polio vaccines can cause infertility.
Fact: There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that the polio vaccine causes infertility. This myth is based on misinformation and has been debunked by numerous health organisations.
Myth: Natural immunity is better than vaccine-induced immunity.
Fact: Natural immunity from polio comes at a high risk—paralysis or death. The vaccine provides immunity without these severe consequences, making it a safer option.
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Myth: The polio vaccine is not safe for children.
Fact: The polio vaccine has been proven safe and effective for children. It has been a key tool in the global effort to eradicate polio and has saved millions of lives.
Myth: Only children need to be vaccinated against polio.
Fact: While children are the primary focus of polio vaccination efforts, adults who have not been vaccinated or are at risk of exposure should also receive the vaccine.
Myth: Once you are vaccinated, you no longer need to worry about polio.
Fact: While the vaccine provides strong protection, it is crucial to maintain high vaccination coverage in communities to prevent the spread of the virus, especially in areas where polio is still present.
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