Causes and symptoms of common urological and fertility issues affecting men

Men's health often takes a backseat, with many ignoring symptoms until they become severe. But with rising cases of urological and fertility problems, it’s time for men to take control of their well-being. From silent conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia to life-altering challenges like infertility or prostate cancer, these issues can impact quality of life if left unaddressed.

If you are struggling with frequent trips to the bathroom at night, feeling discomfort with a weak urine stream, or noticing unexplained blood in your urine, or face challenges in achieving parenthood despite trying for years, these symptoms, while often dismissed, could indicate serious underlying health concerns.

There has been a worrying increase in urological and fertility problems in men over the years, warns Dr Shanmugasundaram, Senior Consultant at the Institute of Renal Sciences, SIMS Hospital, Chennai. "Unfortunately, the stigma associated with these issues often keeps men from seeking timely medical advice, which can worsen their condition," he says, adding, “Men need to understand that early detection and intervention may help improve outcomes. Whether it’s prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, or infertility, the right diagnosis and treatment can make a world of difference."

Also read | Symptoms of male infertility: Watch out for erectile dysfunction, semen colour, and other warning signs

Dr Shanmugasundaram shares the key concerns in men's urological and reproductive health:

• Erectile dysfunction (ED): ED affects nearly 40 percent of men aged 40-70, with lifestyle habits like smoking, obesity, and inactivity being major contributors. Mental health issues such as anxiety and depression can further complicate the condition. Treatments include medications, devices, and surgical options.

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): This age-related prostate enlargement affects about half of men over 50. Symptoms like weak urine flow, frequent urination, and nocturia can disrupt daily life. Treatment ranges from medication to surgical interventions.

• Male infertility: Male infertility is linked to 30-40 percent of infertility cases. Issues like low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal morphology often play a role. Lifestyle factors like obesity and substance abuse also impair sperm quality. Advanced techniques like IVF and ICSI offer hope to affected couples.

• Prostate cancer: The second most common cancer among men, prostate cancer can be life-threatening if not caught early. Regular PSA tests and screenings are crucial for early detection, while advancements in treatments, such as robotic surgery, have improved survival rates.

Men should consult a urologist if they

• see lumps or bumps in the genital area


• urinate frequently or have difficulty controlling urine


• have slow urine flow or see blood in the urine


• are unable to maintain an erection


• struggle with achieving parenthood


• lose weight


• have discomfort in the abdomen