Brain-eating amoeba can infect swimmers, warn neurologists

But what follows can turn deadly in days. “The amoeba enters the body through the nose, often during swimming or diving, and travels along the olfactory nerve to the brain, where it causes Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fast-moving and fatal brain infection,” the expert warns.

Speaking about the symptoms, Dr Girishkumar Soni, Neurologist at Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, says, “They usually appear within one to nine days. Early signs like fever, nausea, or a stuffy nose can easily be mistaken for the flu.”

He adds, “But then it progresses to neck stiffness, seizures, confusion, hallucinations, and eventually coma. Once the infection reaches the brain, the damage escalates rapidly.”

Also read | How 'brain-eating amoeba' is claiming lives in Kerala - 'Death happens within ...'

Symptoms and Diagnosis

With a mortality rate of over 95 percent, the urgency of early diagnosis cannot be overstated. “Delays in treatment greatly reduce chances of survival. This infection is not contagious and doesn’t spread through drinking water, only when contaminated water enters the nose,” adds Dr Khandelwal.

Unfortunately, there’s no guaranteed cure. While amphotericin B is the go-to drug, its effectiveness varies, and success stories remain tragically rare.

Prevention is the only defence:

Both the experts agree that awareness and prevention are the best protection. Avoid swimming in warm freshwater during peak summer, especially in untreated water bodies. Use nose clips, avoid diving, and ensure swimming pools are properly chlorinated and filtered.

“Cases are rare, yes,” says Dr Soni, “but almost always fatal. Prevention with safe water practices is not just wise, it's lifesaving.” If someone experiences unusual headaches, fever, or nausea after swimming, don’t wait it out. Seek medical help immediately.

Dr Khandelwal cautions, “Quick action can save lives,  it really is a race against time.”

FAQs on Brain-eating  amoeba

1. What is the brain-eating amoeba?

The brain-eating amoeba, scientifically known as Naegleria fowleri, is found in warm freshwater like lakes, rivers, ponds, and inadequately chlorinated pools. It enters through the nose and causes a deadly brain infection.

2. How does one get infected with Naegleria fowleri?

Infection occurs when contaminated water enters the nose, often during swimming or diving. The amoeba travels to the brain, causing Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM).

3. What are the early symptoms of Naegleria fowleri infection?

Early symptoms include fever, nausea, headache, and a stuffy nose. These can be easily mistaken for the flu but can escalate to severe neurological issues quickly.

4. How can one prevent Naegleria fowleri infection?

Prevent infection by avoiding swimming in warm freshwater during summer, using nose clips, avoiding diving, and ensuring swimming pools are properly chlorinated and filtered.

5. Is there a cure for Naegleria fowleri infection?

There is no guaranteed cure. While amphotericin B is the primary treatment, its effectiveness varies. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial but success stories are rare.

Disclaimer: This article, including health and fitness advice, only provides generic information. Don’t treat it as a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist for a specific health diagnosis.