The prestigious 2025 Nobel Prize season began this week in Stockholm, revealing a new class of laureates whose discoveries and contributions are shaping our world. The announcements began with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Monday, followed by awards in Physics, Chemistry, and Literature throughout the week.
The awards celebrate the highest achievements in fields established by Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, in his 1895 will. The award ceremony is scheduled for December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
The 2025 Nobel Laureates
Here is the official list of winners announced so far for the 2025 Nobel Prizes.
| Category | Winners | Research Area |
|---|---|---|
| Physiology or Medicine | Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi | Immune system |
| Physics | John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis | Macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling |
| Chemistry | Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson and Omar Yaghi | Development of metal–organic frameworks |
| Literature | László Krasznahorkai | Compelling and visionary oeuvre |
| Peace | TBA | TBA |
| Economics | TBA | TBA |
The Karolinska Institute awarded the first prize of the season to a trio of immunologists:
- Mary Brunkow
- Fred Ramsdell
- Shimon Sakaguchi
The laureates were jointly honoured for their seminal, interconnected discoveries in understanding the immune system's regulatory mechanisms. Their research has been pivotal in uncovering how the body prevents autoimmune attacks and has opened new avenues for treating a range of diseases, from rheumatoid arthritis to cancer.
Physics
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences recognised three physicists for their work in a transformative area of quantum technology:
- John Clarke
- Michel H. Devoret
- John M. Martinis
The prize was awarded for groundbreaking research in macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling. Their experiments and theoretical frameworks were crucial in demonstrating quantum phenomena on a visible scale, laying the essential foundation for the development of quantum computers and ultra-sensitive sensors.
Chemistry
This year's Chemistry prize, also awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, highlights the architects of a new class of materials:
- Susumu Kitagawa
- Richard Robson
- Omar Yaghi
The laureates were celebrated for the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These porous, crystalline structures can be designed like molecular sponges, with vast potential applications in carbon capture, hydrogen storage for clean energy, and highly efficient chemical sensors.
Literature
The Swedish Academy bestowed the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature upon:
- László Krasznahorkai
The Hungarian author was honoured for his "compelling and visionary oeuvre." The Academy praised his dense, intricate prose and unique narrative structures, which explore profound philosophical themes about the human condition, history and the nature of reality, establishing him as a singular voice in world literature.
Upcoming Announcements and Ceremony
The Nobel season continues with two highly anticipated announcements:
The Nobel Peace Prize: Will be announced on Friday in Oslo, Norway.
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Will be revealed on Monday, October 13.
The official Nobel Prize award ceremony will be held in Stockholm and Oslo on December 10. Each laureate receives a gold medal and a diploma, which are unique works of art in themselves. The literature diploma, for instance, is traditionally crafted on parchment using medieval illustration techniques.
Stay tuned for updates on the Nobel Peace Prize and Economics Prize winners.
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