The stage is set for the 20th G20 Leaders’ Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, from November 21 to 23, 2025, where world leaders will discuss inclusive growth, global security and climate resilience. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the summit hosted by South Africa under the theme “Inclusive Growth for a Sustainable Future.”
This year’s summit carries special significance as it comes amid growing geopolitical instability, economic slowdown and the threat of extremism. The discussions are expected to focus on cooperation, stability and development in a divided world. Here’s what to expect from the three-day summit:
Push for inclusive and sustainable economic growth: One of the summit’s main sessions, titled “Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth – Leaving No One Behind,” will focus on global trade, investment, and development financing. Leaders are expected to discuss ways to reduce inequality, reform global institutions, and support low-income economies. PM Modi is likely to call for fair market access and reforms that give the Global South a stronger voice in global economic decisions.
Call for global unity against terrorism and extremism: A strong statement against terrorism is expected to be part of the joint declaration, with India taking the lead on this issue. New Delhi has consistently urged G20 countries to take collective action against states that support or finance terror networks.
PM Modi is expected to emphasise that terrorism, extremism and radicalisation are not limited to one region and remain the biggest threats to global peace and progress. India’s push for coordinated international counterterrorism measures, including financial tracking of terror funding, may find mention in the final communique.
Climate resilience and food security on the agenda: Another key session, “A Resilient World – the G20’s Contribution,” will look at climate action, disaster risk reduction and food security. Leaders are expected to focus on building resilience against extreme weather, promoting clean energy transitions, and supporting vulnerable nations. South Africa wants the discussions to highlight how developing countries can access finance and technology to meet climate targets. India is expected to highlight its success with renewable energy and initiatives like Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment).
Tech, jobs and a fair future for all: Another main discussion, “A Fair and Just Future for All,” will centre on critical minerals, artificial intelligence and job creation. The rise of new technologies will dominate this year’s talks, with leaders expected to frame ethical rules for AI use and promote digital inclusion. India will likely share its digital transformation model and call for secure, inclusive technology partnerships that benefit all nations.
Global South priorities and stronger South–South cooperation: This year marks the fourth consecutive G20 summit hosted by a Global South country, signalling the shift in global influence. South Africa has placed development priorities such as debt relief, poverty reduction and technology access at the centre of its agenda.
India is expected to push for deeper South–South cooperation, especially through the India–Brazil–South Africa (IBSA) forum. On the sidelines, PM Modi will also meet several world leaders to discuss trade, energy and security.
The G20 includes 19 countries and the European Union, representing the world’s biggest advanced and emerging economies. The members are: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States, along with the European Union.
Together, these nations account for about 85% of global GDP, 75% of world trade, and two-thirds of the global population. The G20 is therefore the most important platform for shaping decisions on trade, security, climate, and digital governance.
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