Less than a month into her term, Japan's conservative leader has stirred tensions with China by suggesting a Chinese move against Taiwan could prompt a Japanese military response.
China objects to the involvement of other countries in Taiwan, notably the United States, which is the main supplier of weapons to the self-governing island. Beijing claims it as its own and says it must come under its control. It says it's a domestic issue and “a red line” that others should not cross.
Takaichi went beyond past Japanese statements
Speaking to a parliamentary committee, Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi said on Nov. 7. that a Chinese naval blockade or other action against Taiwan could be grounds for a Japanese military response.
“If it involves the use of warships and military actions, it could by all means become a survival-threatening situation,” she said.
Her comments were stronger than those of her predecessors. Previous prime ministers have expressed concern about China's threat to Taiwan but haven't publicly said how Japan would respond.
Takaichi later refused to retract her remarks but told the same parliamentary committee three days later that she would avoid talking about specific scenarios in the future.
Japan's new leader is a longtime supporter of Taiwan. She views China as a growing threat and has ordered an acceleration of plans to boost Japan’s military spending.
Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said Friday that Japan’s position on Taiwan has not changed.
China responds with stern warnings
Takaichi's comments caused an uproar in China, with the foreign and defense ministries, the Taiwan Affairs Office and state media all weighing in.
Her remarks came as a surprise because tensions over Taiwan were not particularly high, said Wang Huiyao, the president of the Center for China and Globalization, a think tank in Beijing.
"We can’t just let the prime minister speak so openly at parliament," he said.
One of the first to speak out was China’s consul general in Osaka, who said in a now-deleted social media post that China has no choice but to cut off an intruding “dirty neck." The comment was understood as an allegation that Takiachi was interfering into what China sees as its internal affairs. Motegi called the post “extremely inappropriate.”
China's Foreign Ministry called in Japan's ambassador on Thursday to warn against any interference in Taiwan. The next day, Japan's Foreign Ministry summoned China's ambassador in Tokyo to complain about the social media post.
Beijing is upping the ante
On Friday night, China took aim at Japan's tourism economy. It issued a notification advising against travel to Japan. About 7.5 million Chinese tourists visited in the first nine months of this year, the largest number from any country and about one-fourth of the total.
China's Education Ministry followed up with a warning to students on Sunday about recent crimes against Chinese in Japan, though it didn't advise them not to go.
Also on Sunday, China's coast guard announced that it was patrolling the waters around a group of uninhabited islands that both countries claim. Japan criticized an incident in which a fleet of four Chinese coast guard ships briefly violated Japanese territorial waters around the islands Sunday.
On Monday, Mao Ning, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson, told reporters that Premier Li Qiang “has no arrangement to meet with the Japanese leader” during the upcoming Group of 20 summit in South Africa.
A bigger concern for Japan would be if China were to restrict the export of rare earth magnets, vital components in auto manufacturing and other industries. There was no immediate indication China was considering it.
Japanese officials are trying to calm the waters. Motegi said he planned to ask China to make "an appropriate response” to prevent a major impact on relations.
On Monday, Japan dispatched a senior diplomat to Beijing for talks with Chinese Foreign Ministry officials in an apparent move to calm the situation, but no details have been released.
The U.S.-Japan alliance looms in the background
Japan’s position is complicated by its post-World War II constitution, which bans its use of force except for defending its territory — the military is called the Self-Defense Force.
Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe succeeded in expanding the military's mandate by winning parliamentary approval in 2015 of a law that would allow Japan to come to the aid of an ally — most likely the U.S. — in a conflict that is determined to be an existential threat to Japan.
Takaichi, who rose in politics as a protégé of Abe, said that a Chinese move against Taiwan could qualify as a threat, setting off the ensuing firestorm.
Another possible threat would be a conflict with North Korea that draws in the U.S., analysts say. Japan has previously not specified what would constitute an existential threat under the provision, which is called collective self-defense.
Now, Tokyo doesn’t want to withdraw Takaichi's remark, because it could narrow its options in a Taiwan crisis. Backpedaling could also hurt the new prime minister's high public support ratings and her image as a hawk on China.
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