Menopause marks a significant transition in a woman's life, typically occurring between the ages of 45 and 55. It signifies the end of menstrual cycles and reproductive years, characterised by a natural decline in the production of key hormones, primarily oestrogen and progesterone, by the ovaries. This hormonal shift leads to the end of ovulation and menstruation.
The causes of menopause are fundamentally tied to ageing, as the ovaries gradually diminish their hormone output over time. Additionally, menopause can be induced prematurely due to medical interventions such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgical removal of the ovaries. Genetic factors may also play a role, influencing the timing of menopause.
Common menopause symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, irregular periods, vaginal dryness, mood swings, and sleep disturbances. Women may also experience decreased libido, fatigue, and changes in memory or concentration. These symptoms result from hormonal fluctuations and can vary in intensity and duration. However, there are some uncommon symptoms too, according to Delhi-based gynaecologist Manu Madhav:
Burning mouth syndrome: This condition causes a burning sensation in the mouth, often accompanied by a dry mouth or an altered taste. It may be due to hormonal changes affecting the nerves or mucous membranes, leading to discomfort or sensitivity.
Tingling sensations: Tingling or numbness in the extremities may occur due to hormonal changes affecting nerve function. This sensation can be intermittent or persistent, reflecting fluctuations in oestrogen levels impacting the nervous system.
Electric shock sensations: Some women experience sensations resembling electric shocks, often in the head or neck. These jolts are thought to result from hormonal changes affecting nerve sensitivity and signalling.
Change in body odour: Hormonal shifts can alter body odour, making it more pronounced or different from usual. This change may be due to variations in sweat composition or hormonal effects on sweat glands.
Allergic reactions: Increased sensitivity to allergens or new allergic reactions can arise due to hormonal fluctuations. These changes may affect the immune system’s response, leading to unexpected allergic symptoms.
Burning sensation in the skin: A burning or itching sensation on the skin can occur without a visible rash . This may be linked to hormonal changes impacting skin sensitivity and nerve endings.
Changes in libido: Menopause can lead to fluctuating libido, with unexpected increases or decreases in sexual desire. Hormonal shifts, particularly in oestrogen and testosterone levels, play a role in these changes.
Also see: Menopause: How to cope with hormonal changes that affect your physical and mental health
Difficulty swallowing: A sensation of tightness or difficulty swallowing may arise from hormonal changes affecting the throat or oesophagus. This can result in discomfort while eating or drinking.
Strange dreams or nightmares: Menopause can cause vivid or unusual dreams and nightmares due to hormonal changes impacting sleep patterns and brain activity during REM sleep.
Muscle and joint pain: Hormonal fluctuations can lead to unexplained muscle or joint pain. Changes in oestrogen levels affect connective tissues and joints, contributing to discomfort and pain.
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