Prediabetes is a condition that often flies under the radar, as it typically presents without noticeable symptoms. However, there are instances where individuals may experience neuropathic symptoms such as burning or numbness in the feet, indicating potential prediabetic tendencies. Several factors contribute to the development of prediabetes, including genetics (a family history of diabetes), lifestyle choices (such as obesity and a sedentary lifestyle), dietary habits (particularly an excessive intake of calorie-dense foods), stress, fatty liver, and polycystic ovary disease.
Screening
Given the stealthy nature of prediabetes, it's crucial to proactively screen for it, especially among individuals with risk factors or those above the age of 30, says Dr Vahid S. Bharmal, Consultant- Adult & Paediatric Endocrinologist, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara.
He says that screening typically involves tests like HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and a 2-hour post-glucose blood sugar assessment. Identifying prediabetes early provides a window of opportunity for implementing lifestyle modifications that can stave off the progression to full-blown diabetes.
Cure for prediabetes
Exercise
When it comes to managing prediabetes, a multifaceted approach is key. Exercise plays a pivotal role, with recommendations suggesting 30 to 45 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity daily, complemented by resistance training exercises twice a week on non-consecutive days. These exercises not only improve insulin sensitivity but also aid in weight management and overall well-being.
Diet
Dietary adjustments are equally vital in the fight against prediabetes. Minimising the consumption of simple carbohydrates and calorie-dense foods is paramount, while increasing the intake of nutrient-rich options like green leafy vegetables and adequate protein sources can help stabilise blood sugar levels. Additionally, maintaining a balanced diet can contribute to weight loss and mitigate the risk of developing diabetes.
Medicine
For some individuals with prediabetes, medication may be warranted. Metformin, for instance, is commonly prescribed to help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce the likelihood of progressing to diabetes. However, it's important to note that medication should be viewed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan, alongside lifestyle modifications rather than a standalone solution, says Bharmal.
Regular monitoring is essential in managing prediabetes effectively. HbA1c levels should be checked every six months to gauge progress and adjust treatment strategies accordingly. This proactive approach empowers individuals to track their health journey and make informed decisions about their lifestyle and treatment options.
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