Heatwaves, defined as extended periods of excessively high temperatures, can profoundly affect individuals living with arthritis. This chronic condition, characterised by inflammation and stiffness in the joints, can become particularly challenging to manage during periods of extreme heat. While arthritis encompasses various types and severity levels, many sufferers report an escalation in pain, stiffness, and general discomfort when exposed to prolonged heat.
The reasons behind this exacerbation are multifaceted, often involving dehydration, changes in atmospheric pressure, and heat-induced inflammation. Understanding the connection between heatwaves and arthritis flare-ups is crucial for those affected, as it can empower them to adopt strategies that mitigate their symptoms and maintain their quality of life. By recognising the potential triggers and implementing effective coping mechanisms, individuals with arthritis can better navigate the discomfort associated with scorching temperatures and minimise the impact on their daily activities. Dr Ashwani Maichand, director - dept of orthopaedics at the CK Birla hospital, Delhi, lists down how and why heatwave trigger arthritis.
Dehydration and synovial fluid: One-way heatwaves can exacerbate arthritis symptoms is through dehydration. When the body loses more fluids than it takes in, it can lead to decreased production of synovial fluid, which lubricates and cushions the joints. Dehydration reduces the volume and effectiveness of synovial fluid, resulting in increased friction between joint surfaces and heightened pain and stiffness.
Increased inflammation: High temperatures can also contribute to increased inflammation in arthritic joints. Heat causes blood vessels to dilate, leading to greater blood flow to the skin to cool down the body. This increased blood flow can exacerbate inflammation in already inflamed joints, leading to swelling, redness, and heightened pain.
Muscle tension and joint stress: During a heatwave, individuals may unconsciously tense their muscles in response to discomfort, leading to muscle tension and increased stress on the joints. This tension can exacerbate arthritis symptoms, making movement more painful and difficult. Additionally, the increased stress on the joints can accelerate wear and tear, leading to long-term damage and worsening of arthritis symptoms over time.
Impact on sleep quality: Heatwaves can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to poor sleep quality and fatigue. Adequate rest is essential for managing arthritis symptoms, as it allows the body to repair and regenerate tissues damaged by inflammation. Poor sleep can exacerbate pain sensitivity and fatigue, making it more challenging to cope with arthritis symptoms during a heatwave.
Managing arthritis during heatwaves
To mitigate the impact of heatwaves on arthritis symptoms, individuals can take several proactive measures:
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to high temperatures by staying indoors or seeking shade.
- Wear lightweight, breathable clothing to help regulate body temperature.
- Use fans or air conditioning to keep indoor spaces cool and comfortable.
- Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation to reduce muscle tension and stress.
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