Zinc is a vital mineral that plays an integral role in numerous bodily functions, including immune response, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division. It is essential for the proper functioning of over 300 enzymes in the human body. Despite its importance, the body does not store zinc, which means a regular intake through diet is necessary to maintain optimal health. Unfortunately, zinc deficiency is relatively common, particularly in developing countries, and can lead to a range of health issues. Recognising the signs of zinc deficiency can help address the problem early and prevent serious complications.
Signs of zinc deficiency
Frequent infections: Zinc deficiency is linked to a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to colds and infections. Studies show that zinc supplementation within 24 hours of the onset of cold symptoms can reduce the duration of the illness, says Dr Mrinal Pandey, senior consultant at Sudhakar Global Hospitals, Faridabad
Blurry vision: The eye contains high concentrations of zinc, and deficiency can lead to altered vision or, in severe cases, changes in the retina. Blurry vision might be an early indicator of low zinc levels, says Dr Pandey.
Unexplained weight loss: Zinc is crucial for maintaining a healthy appetite. Deficiency can lead to appetite changes and unexplained weight loss. Additionally, mood changes, irritability, and depression may accompany this symptom.
Hair loss: Both excessive and insufficient zinc intake can cause hair loss. Ensuring adequate zinc intake from food sources is preferable to avoid the adverse effects of over-supplementation.
Slow healing wounds: Zinc supports healthy skin and proper blood clotting. A wound that does not heal within 2-3 weeks could indicate zinc deficiency. Zinc supplementation is often used to treat stubborn wounds and is a well-researched treatment for acne.
Frequent diarrhea: Zinc deficiency can increase susceptibility to diarrhea. Studies in malnourished children have shown that zinc supplementation can reduce the duration of diarrheal episodes, highlighting the importance of zinc in maintaining digestive health.
Decreased sense of smell and taste: Zinc is essential for the proper function of enzymes involved in taste and smell. A noticeable decrease in these senses could be a symptom of zinc deficiency, says Dr Pandey.
Growth retardation in children: Zinc is crucial for growth and development, especially in children. Pregnant women are often advised to take zinc supplements to support fetal growth. Slow growth in children can be a significant indicator of zinc deficiency.
Cognitive issues: Zinc plays a key role in neuronal communication and cognitive function. Deficiency can lead to foggy thinking and memory problems. Studies have also shown zinc supplementation to improve symptoms of ADHD.
Drops in blood sugar levels: Zinc is involved in insulin production and natural blood sugar control. Deficiency can result in low insulin levels, potentially leading to diabetes or exacerbating existing diabetes.
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