As we observe Breast Cancer Awareness Month, it's essential to acknowledge that breast cancer is not exclusive to women. Men, too, can be affected by this disease, and it's crucial to raise awareness about the risks, symptoms, and treatment options available to them.
The statistics
While breast cancer is far more common in women, men can also develop the disease. According to the Cancer Society, about 1 in 833 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime, says Dr Sajjan Rajpurohit, Senior Director, Medical Oncology, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital. The expert says that in 2020, an estimated 2,650 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in men.
Risk factors
According to Dr Rajpurohit, several risk factors increase a man's likelihood of developing breast cancer, including:
Family history: A man's risk of breast cancer is higher if he has a family history of the disease, particularly if his mother, sister, or daughter has been diagnosed.
Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase a man's risk of breast cancer.
Radiation exposure: Men who have been exposed to radiation, such as those who have undergone radiation therapy, are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
Hormonal imbalance: An imbalance of hormones, such as oestrogen and testosterone, can increase a man's risk of breast cancer.
Also see | Prevent colorectal cancer: 8 foods to avoid in your daily diet to reduce risk
Symptoms
The symptoms of breast cancer in men are like those in women and include:
A lump or thickening: A lump or thickening in the breast tissue can be a sign of breast cancer,
Changes in the breast: Changes in the size or shape of the breast can be a warning sign.
Nipple discharge: Discharge or tenderness of the nipple can also be a symptom of breast cancer.
Pain: Pain in the breast or nipple area can indicate breast cancer.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosing breast cancer in men can be challenging since its symptoms may resemble those of other conditions. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests (such as mammograms or ultrasounds)
- Biopsy
Treatment options for breast cancer in men are similar to those for women and may include:
- Surgery: Removal of the tumour and affected breast tissue.
- Radiation therapy: Radiation is used to kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Drug treatment to destroy cancer cells.
- Hormone therapy: This therapy is aimed at blocking hormone production that can fuel the cancer's growth.
Raising awareness about breast cancer in men is critical to encourage early detection and prompt treatment, says Dr Rajpurohit. Men should be aware of their risk factors and take proactive steps to reduce their risk, such as:
- Getting regular checkups: Routine health check-ups with a healthcare provider can help in the early detection of breast cancer.
- Performing self-exams: Regular self-exams can aid in spotting changes in breast tissue early on.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking can lower the risk of breast cancer.
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