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Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a crucial, water-soluble vitamin that is needed for carbohydrate, fat, glucose and alcohol metabolism
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Humans cannot synthesise vitamin B1 themselves, hence dietary intake by cereals and dry fruits is required. Some amount may however, be synthesised by intestinal bacteria
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Thiamine deficiency may be caused by a state of starvation, alcohol consumption and in those with frequent episodes of diarrhea
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Conditions like hyperemesis gravidarum (excessive vomiting during pregnancy), malnutrition and malabsorption syndrome can also cause a deficiency of vitamin B1
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People who have undergone a gastric bypass surgery, or have been on haemodialysis are more likely to be deficient in thiamine
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Beri-beri can develop because of thiamine deficiency, and can cause increased heart rate and fluid collection in the lower limbs
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In later stages, it can lead to congestive heart failure and difficulty in breathing on lying down. The heart may also become enlarged in size
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Muscle cramps in the calves, pain in the legs and a burning sensation in the feet (especially during the night) can also be seen in beri-beri
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Dietary sources of thiamine include whole wheat flour and unpolished rice, which must be consumed to avoid deficiency
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Cereals, grains and beans, along with nuts and yeast also contain a healthy amount of vitamin B1, and should be included in the daily diet