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Hyperemesis gravidarum refers to severe vomiting during pregnancy that can affect the mother’s daily activities and have harmful effects on her health
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It is most commonly seen during the first trimester, especially in women pregnant for the first time. It is also likely to recur in subsequent pregnancies
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Pregnant women who are younger, have low body mass index, or a history of motion sickness or migraines are more susceptible
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Once nausea begins, it may worsen due to psychogenic factors. Sometimes the mother may feel better if her environment is changed
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Hormonal changes like increased levels of estrogen, hCG, and progesterone can contribute to hyperemesis gravidarum by affecting gut motility and causing vomiting
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Prolonged vomiting can lead to dehydration and starvation. Urine output may reduce and become dark in colour
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Other signs include a dry, coated tongue, sunken eyes, acetone-smelling breath, and pain in the upper middle abdomen
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If untreated, it can cause stress ulcers in the stomach, beriberi due to vitamin B1 deficiency, esophageal tears, and psychosis
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Severe cases may lead to liver failure, kidney failure, vitamin K deficiency, convulsions, and coma. The fetus is usually not affected
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Maintaining hydration, correcting electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic disturbances are crucial. Antiemetic drugs may be prescribed when necessary.