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Dilatation and tortuosity, along with elongation of the veins of the lower limb, lead to varicose veins, a condition commonly seen in women more than men
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Because of the presence of faulty valves in the veins, the direction of blood flow in varicose veins is reversed, which can further cause pathological circulation
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There is a hereditary influence on varicose veins, and it is also seen because of increased progesterone (a female sex hormone) levels
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Occupations that require one to stand for long periods of time, like surgeons, homemakers and guards, are more likely to develop varicose veins
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Prolonged immobility, a state of pregnancy, wearing tight clothing, and raised intra-abdominal pressure because of certain sports can cause varicose veins
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In the early stages, thread veins or spider veins are seen, which are small varices around the ankle that may look red or purple
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Later, dilated, tortuous, elongated superficial veins become visible, which have a diameter of three millimetres or more when checked in the standing position
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One can experience a dragging type of pain in the lower limb that is affected, along with heaviness in the legs and swelling
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There can also be night-time cramps, seen often during late night. Some people may also have discolouration of the lower limbs and ulceration in the feet
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It can be treated by injection — sclerotherapy and a number of surgeries. The person is often advised to keep the lower limbs elevated while sleeping